sports, tourism, and leisure

Question 1

sports

Answer 1

a physical activity involving a set of rules or customs. The activity may be competitive.

Question 2

tourism

Answer 2

travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure. Note that this definition excludes day trippers. There are many possible subdivisions of tourism.

Question 3

ecotourism

Answer 3

focuses on the natural environment and local communities

Question 4

heritage tourism

Answer 4

based on historic legacy (Landscape feature, historic building, or events as major attraction).

Question 5

sustainable tourism

Answer 5

that conserves primary tourist resources and supports the livelihood and culture of local people.

Question 6

tourist hotspot

Answer 6

• areas of intense sporting or leisure activity that attract above average numbers of visitors
• primary and secondary resources are widely available and accessible
• limited in deterrents
• crime
• political unrest
• racism/discrimination

Question 7

secondary tourist resources

Answer 7

• accommodations sector- hotels, motels,camping, guest house
• catering sector- cafe, restaurant, bistro
• travel organization sector-
• transportation sector- bus, car, train, plane
• entertainment sector- gambling, clubs, museums, zoos, theater
• information sector- (tourism information networks), Supplementary services.
• facilities, and service infrastructure

Question 8

primary tourist resources

Answer 8

• comes from land or culture of the people
• natural resources- climate, landscape, ecosystem
• cultural resources- arts, traditions, archaeological values, food

Question 9

tourism TNCs and the effects on various stakeholders

Answer 9

companies that based in one country but may operate in others
- example: apple is based in the US but makes phones in China and sells and advertised around the globe.

Question 10

pros

Answer 10

• international travel could be cheaper because it has a larger economy of scale. One website that can be translated to different languages so more competition
• cheaper for the company too because they can have one office
• simpler for travelers. One stop shop
• tour companies could be in travelers language

Question 11

cons

Answer 11

• increase prices from lack of competition
• could diminish profits for local economy because they control so much that they can demand lower prices from their suppliers

Question 12

vertical integration (a ladder)

Answer 12

• a strategy that accompany can use in order to gain more control over the market and thus more profit
• own every step of the production process
• example: McDonald’s owns potato farms, the trucks to transport food, and the actual stores

Question 13

horizontal integration

Answer 13

• a strategy that a company can use in order to gain more control over the market and thus more profit
• owns multiple of a similar service/production method
• example: facebook owns instagram and whatsapp

Question 14

leisure

Answer 14

any freely chosen activity or experience that takes place in non-work/school time

Question 15

temporary site of leisure and benefits and disadvantages to local area

Answer 15

glastonbury case study

Question 16

unsustainable tourism

Answer 16

• tourism cannot continue into the future based on damage to local culture, environment, economy, etc.
• tourists exceed carrying capacity

Question 17

carrying capacity

Answer 17

how many people a place can support

Question 18

physical carrying capacity

Answer 18

• refers to the maximum number of people who can use a space for the purpose of tourism
• how many people can actually fit hiking trail

Question 19

perceptual carrying capacity

Answer 19

• has to do with the perception of people. “The level reached when local residents of an area no longer want tourists because they are destroying the environment, damaging the local culture or crowding them out of local activities.”
• like the hiking trail, people may fit but they might be perpetually bothered by the amount of people

Question 20

environmental carrying capacity

Answer 20

“the level of tourist development or recreational activity beyond which the environment as previously experienced is degraded or compromised.”

Question 21

leisure in the US

Answer 21

Infrastructure: In schools the US has open fields, basketball courts, and areas for each individual sport. Everywhere you go in the country there are baseball fields, courts, and many open fields.

Culture: The US has been engaging in organized sports since the 1800s, and has been well integrated into American culture for quite some time. Sports are very common among young kids, in fact there is almost a pressure for kids to play sports in order to get into colleges. It is also often desired to be fit and healthy in the US due to societal pressures.

Sports and education: In other countries sports are seen as a distraction, however in the US many colleges support sports and in fact 15 of the largest stadiums are primarily college football fields. Sports are beneficial to an individual’s development, including academic development.

Question 22

iran

Answer 22

• everything in iran is political even sports
• players on the World Cup team could not publically announce their opinion (especially against the government) before the World Cup because of fear of getting kicked off the team
• a woman named Amini died after she had been detained by the morality police for allegedly incorrectly wearing her compulsory hijab, and her fate sparked a female uprising which has swept the country.
• protesters are being chased, shot, or beaten brutally

Question 23

venice (why tourism is unsustainable)

Answer 23

• rapid increase of bed and breakfasts and other places found on Airbnb makes rent unaffordable for locals
• there is an ethical issue due to the fact that tourists are unaware that a city may have all of their phone data
• the tourism sector prevents other economic activities thriving
• the needs of residents were disregarded
• the additions made for the tourist (camera etc.) destroyed the authenticity of Venice
• the number of residents living in the historic center of the city has reduced more than 100,000 people

Question 24

management strategies

Answer 24

• acquiring the cellphone data of unwitting tourists
• visitors coming only for the day will have to book ahead and pay a fee to enter
• surveillance cameras monitoring the number of visitors in a certain area
• plan to install gates at key entry points, and charge visitors a fee for the day (regulate the # of tourists)
• the conservative and business- friendly mayor, Luigi Brugnaro and his allies said that their aim is to create a more livable city for venetians.
• housing support for young professionals and entrepreneurs
• tourists who will stay for only the day will be charged from three to ten euros.
• Sa demand for entrance rises, so does the prices

Question 25

leisure in china

Answer 25

why leisure patterns have changed:
- more days off mandated by the government. Causes leisure patterns to increase.
- more olympic training camps established in China
- the Covid-19 prevented travel, and therefore more people were vacationing to China after the pandemic

why have sporting activities changed in the country:
- the olympics were being held in beijing
- In 2008, the State Council made ‘Sports for All Day’ annually on 8th August. This made sports equipment available to people across the country so they could try them out in different towns and cities in an effort to garner interest in different physical activities.
- a strong focus on national pride in competitions

Question 26

tourism in china

Answer 26

INCREASING
- chinese people are becoming wealthier and spending more money
- numbers in tourism heading to Europe and North America rather than Asia shows that people are more fond of less traditional destinations. People are more drawn to leaving the country for vacation instead of staying in it.

Question 27

leisure in the US

Answer 27

leisure patterns:
- In the US leisure activities have gone up, especially after the 2000s. When dividing the men from women when analyzing the amount of time spent on leisure activities, women are below the men, this is due to the fact that they are seen as “a homemaker” and are tasked with taking care of the family, which leaves them with little time to spend on leisure activities.

success in sports:
- Infrastructure: In schools the US has open fields, basketball courts, and areas for each individual sport. Everywhere you go in the country there are baseball fields, courts, and many open fields.
- Culture: The US has been engaging in organized sports since the 1800s, and has been well integrated into American culture for quite some time. Sports are very common among young kids, in fact there is almost a pressure for kids to play sports in order to get into colleges. It is also often desired to be fit and healthy in the US due to societal pressures.
- Sports and education: Sports of all kinds have been tied to education. A lot of people get recognized by professional teams whilst they are playing for their high school or college. A lot of other countries, such as ones from Asia, see sports as a distraction from studies and do not push for it at a young age. Colleges that don’t attract many American athletes seek athletes overseas. This can bring in many more people of different skill levels and increase the country’s success.