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geooooo > changing populations > Flashcards

changing populations Flashcards

1
Q

physical factors

A

Anything created or caused by nature! mountains, climate, bodies of water, etc.

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2
Q

human factors

A

Anything caused or created by humans! Transportation systems, infrastructure businesses/jobs, service industries, healthcare, education, etc.

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3
Q

peas

A

P: (patterns) regions with extreme weather conditions
E: (Extremes) india & canada
A: (Anomalies) lot of people living in the center of Europe

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4
Q

LIC

A

low income countries, less than $1,046 per capita, example = afghanistan

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5
Q

LMIC

A

lower middle income countries- between $1,046 & $4,095 example = egypt

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6
Q

UMIC

A

upper middle class income countries- between & $4,095 & $12,695 example = china

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7
Q

HIC

A

higher income countries- $12,695+ example = United states

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8
Q

BRICs

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, & South Africa

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9
Q

NICs

A

Newly industrialized Countries

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10
Q

What are key characteristics of NICs?

A
  • They have an under-developed industrial base
  • low Human Development Index (HDI) compared to other countries with more advanced economies
  • increased economic freedoms
  • increased personal liberties
  • a transition from agriculture to manufacturing
  • the presence of large national corporations
  • strong foreign direct investment
  • rapid growth in urban centers
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11
Q

Explain the importance of the countries in BRICS

A
  • They comprise nearly half of the world’s population & a fifth of the world’s GDP
  • Their combined GDP is $15.8 trillion while the U.S alone is $16.7 trillion
  • They don’t have that economic or political freedom
  • China kinda overtakes them
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12
Q

fertility rate

A

The number of children a woman born in a certain year s expected to have over the span of her life

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13
Q

life expectancy

A

The age a person born in a certain year is expected to live to

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14
Q

Internally Displaced Person vs. Refugee vs. Asylum Seeker

A

Refugee- Someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality.
Asylum- anyone who meets the criteria as a refugee may apply for asylum to receive legal status. Most prove “fear.”

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15
Q

Why don’t more people get this legal status through asylum?

A

-one year deadline
- education/financial issues
- fear (of getting deported or anything else)
- hard to prove (you need good proof to get accepted)
- can’t ever go back to home country (because you proved that you you were in danger in your country and couldn’t ever go back, so they will not ever let you)

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16
Q

Trump/Biden’s change

A
  • Remain in mexico program
  • Asylum seekers must wait in Mexico to argue case
  • You had to argue there then if you were accepted, you were able to come to the U.S
  • Biden overturned it (people are now allowed to cross the get accepted)
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17
Q

Forced migration

A

refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people ( those displaced by conflict within their country of origin as well as people displaced by natural, environmental, chemical or nuclear disasters.

18
Q

push factors

A
  • Encourages emigration/displacement and can be spontaneous or systemic (“drivers”)
  • Forced migration results when push factors are too great to overcome
19
Q

pull factors

A
  • Encourage immigration/ movement (“attackers”)
  • Can be real or imagined
20
Q

Internally displaced persons

A

Stay within their own country and remain under the protection of its government, even if that government is the reason for their displacement. They often move to areas where it is difficult for us to deliver humanitarian assistance and as a result, these people are among the most vulnerable in the world.

21
Q

dependency ratio

A

The number of dependents and people who work in a country

22
Q

megacities

A
  • A megacity is a city with 10 million or more inhabitants
  • Countries with the most megacities in the world: china and india
23
Q

pros

A
  • Economic powerhouses
  • Many account for up to 33% of the whole countries GDP.
  • Attract skilled labor
  • Economic powerhouses
  • Many account for up to 33% of the whole countries GDP.
24
Q

cons

A
  • Rapid growth leads to lack of infrastructure (schools, hospitals, houses) especially in - - LICs
  • Lack of adequate housing
  • Traffic congestion
  • Pollution
  • Urban sprawl
25
Q

natalism (pro/anti)

A

natalism is either promoting having children or being against it

26
Q

demographic dividend

A
  • Accelerated economic growth when a population has many working age people
  • Starting point- Population age structure and how many dependent children there are in relation to the working age population
  • More workers, fewer children to support
  • 3 key areas- empowerment, education, & employment
27
Q

What are things the country has to do in order to ensure the demographic dividend?

A
  • High quality healthcare services
  • Increasing quality and quantity of jobs (encouraging businesses)
  • Equal opportunities for education
28
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

A DTM is a visual model to represent the birth and death rates of a country through different stages as a country develops economically.

29
Q

stage 1

A
  • Birth and death rates are high
  • Population size is constant but can have major events affecting such as wars
30
Q

stage 2

A
  • Modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children
  • Birth rates remain high (rapid population growth)
  • Many least developed countries are in stage 2
31
Q

stage 3

A
  • Birth rates decrease (result of improved economic conditions + increase in women’s status & access to contraception.
  • Population growth continues at lower rate
  • Most developing countries are in stage 3
32
Q

stage 4

A
  • Birth rates are low
  • Death rates are low
  • Stabilizing the population
  • Countries in this stage have stronger economies, higher levels of education, better healthcare, a higher proportion of working women, and a fertility rate around 2 children per women
  • Most developed countries in this stage
33
Q

stage 5

A
  • Death rates are higher than birth rate
  • Birth rates are low
34
Q

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

A

Measurement of all goods and services produced within a country

35
Q

PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)

A

Accounts for cost of living with GDP or GNI

36
Q

GNI (Gross National Income)

A

Measurement of the GDP + transactions in and with other countries

37
Q

Per Capita

A

Means per person, accounts for population in GDP & GNI

38
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

A highly regarded indicator that tracks other factors such as life expectancy & education, in addition to a nation’s economy to indicate which countries are most “developed.”

39
Q

GII (gender inequality index)

A
  • Gender parity= equality
  • A low GII can causes low inequality between males and females
  • If women start doing better than men this could hurt parity
40
Q

health

A
  • Maternal mortality ratio
  • Adolescent birth rate
41
Q

empowerment

A

% with some secondary education (limitation)

42
Q

labor force participation

A
  • Labor force participation
  • Female and male labor force rate

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