changing populations Flashcards
physical factors
Anything created or caused by nature! mountains, climate, bodies of water, etc.
human factors
Anything caused or created by humans! Transportation systems, infrastructure businesses/jobs, service industries, healthcare, education, etc.
peas
P: (patterns) regions with extreme weather conditions
E: (Extremes) india & canada
A: (Anomalies) lot of people living in the center of Europe
LIC
low income countries, less than $1,046 per capita, example = afghanistan
LMIC
lower middle income countries- between $1,046 & $4,095 example = egypt
UMIC
upper middle class income countries- between & $4,095 & $12,695 example = china
HIC
higher income countries- $12,695+ example = United states
BRICs
Brazil, Russia, India, China, & South Africa
NICs
Newly industrialized Countries
What are key characteristics of NICs?
- They have an under-developed industrial base
- low Human Development Index (HDI) compared to other countries with more advanced economies
- increased economic freedoms
- increased personal liberties
- a transition from agriculture to manufacturing
- the presence of large national corporations
- strong foreign direct investment
- rapid growth in urban centers
Explain the importance of the countries in BRICS
- They comprise nearly half of the world’s population & a fifth of the world’s GDP
- Their combined GDP is $15.8 trillion while the U.S alone is $16.7 trillion
- They don’t have that economic or political freedom
- China kinda overtakes them
fertility rate
The number of children a woman born in a certain year s expected to have over the span of her life
life expectancy
The age a person born in a certain year is expected to live to
Internally Displaced Person vs. Refugee vs. Asylum Seeker
Refugee- Someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality.
Asylum- anyone who meets the criteria as a refugee may apply for asylum to receive legal status. Most prove “fear.”
Why don’t more people get this legal status through asylum?
-one year deadline
- education/financial issues
- fear (of getting deported or anything else)
- hard to prove (you need good proof to get accepted)
- can’t ever go back to home country (because you proved that you you were in danger in your country and couldn’t ever go back, so they will not ever let you)
Trump/Biden’s change
- Remain in mexico program
- Asylum seekers must wait in Mexico to argue case
- You had to argue there then if you were accepted, you were able to come to the U.S
- Biden overturned it (people are now allowed to cross the get accepted)
Forced migration
refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people ( those displaced by conflict within their country of origin as well as people displaced by natural, environmental, chemical or nuclear disasters.
push factors
- Encourages emigration/displacement and can be spontaneous or systemic (“drivers”)
- Forced migration results when push factors are too great to overcome
pull factors
- Encourage immigration/ movement (“attackers”)
- Can be real or imagined
Internally displaced persons
Stay within their own country and remain under the protection of its government, even if that government is the reason for their displacement. They often move to areas where it is difficult for us to deliver humanitarian assistance and as a result, these people are among the most vulnerable in the world.
dependency ratio
The number of dependents and people who work in a country
megacities
- A megacity is a city with 10 million or more inhabitants
- Countries with the most megacities in the world: china and india
pros
- Economic powerhouses
- Many account for up to 33% of the whole countries GDP.
- Attract skilled labor
- Economic powerhouses
- Many account for up to 33% of the whole countries GDP.
cons
- Rapid growth leads to lack of infrastructure (schools, hospitals, houses) especially in - - LICs
- Lack of adequate housing
- Traffic congestion
- Pollution
- Urban sprawl
