SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
Define skill
A learned action or behaviour, with the intention of bringing about pre-determined results, with maximum certainty and minimum outlay or time and energy.
Define ability
an inherited, stable trait that determines an individual’s potential to learn and acquire a skill.
Define trait
Distinguishing qualities or characteristics belonging to a person.
What is a basic skill?
A simple skill that does not require much coordination.
Give a sporting example of a basic skill.
Throwing and catching
What is a complex skill?
A skill that requires a great deal of concentration and coordination to perform.
Give a sporting example of a complex skill.
The pole vault
What is an open skill?
Skills affected by the environment, where the performer must react and adjust to a changing situation.
Give a sporting example of an open skill.
Eg if a strong wind is blowing during a rugby match you will have to take this into account when performing a drop kick.
What is a closed skill?
They are not affected by the environment or the performers within it. This means that the skill tends to be performed in the same way each time.
Give a sporting example of a closed skill.
A diver’s performing environment is predictable and stable and so a diver will perform each dive in the same way each time.
What is a self paced skill?
Stills that are started when the performer decides to start them. The performer controls the speed, rate and pace of the skill.
Give a sporting example of a self paced skill.
A player uses self paced skills during a table tennis match when they select the direction, speed, height and even the use of spin every time they serve.
What is an externally paced skill?
Skills that are started in response to an external factor. The speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by your opponent or the environment.
Give a sporting example of a externally paced skill
In badminton, you have to react to your opponent’s serve, responding to the direction, speed and height accordingly.
What is a gross movement skill?
Involves large muscle groups combining to perform big, strong, powerful movements. They usually involve the arms, legs, feet or even the entire body.
Give a sporting example of a gross movement skill.
The phases of a triple group are example of gross movement skills.
What is a fine movement skill?
Are small and precise movements that require high levels of accuracy and coordination. They make use of a small group of muscles.
Give a sporting example of a fine movement skill.
A spin bowler uses fine movement skills to create the spin on a ball, which then decides the direction it travels before and after landing.
What is a performance goal?
Personal standards to be achieved. Performers compare themselves against what they have already done or suggest what they are going to do. There is no comparison with other performers.
What is an outcome goal?
Goals that focus on the end result, on winning.
Give an example of a performance goal?
Setting out to beat a personal best in a sprint or distance race.
Give an example of an outcome goal?
Winning a squash tournament.
What is a SMART target?
A goal setting technique that can be used to increase motivation and reduce anxiety Specific Measurable Accepted Realistic Time-bound
What does the S mean in SMART?
Specific
The target must be specific to the demands of the sport, muscles used or movements used.
What does the M mean in SMART?
Measurable
It must be possible to measure whether the specific target has been met.
What does the A mean in SMART?
Accepted
The target must be accepted by the performer and others involved in training and competition, such as the performer’s coach.
What does the R mean in SMART?
Realistic
The target must actually be possible to complete and attain.
What does the T mean in SMART?
Time-bound
The target covers a set period of time so that the performer knows whether or not they have achieved it.
Give an example of a SMART target.
100 metre sprinter: take 0.2 seconds off their personal best time by the last race of the season.
What is the input stage of the information processing model?
The data received from the display, via their senses (including intuition - sixth sense). They must have selective attention as they will receive lots of information from their senses, but need to select what needs focusing on.
What is the decision-making stage of the information processing model?
The selected data is analysed and an appropriate response is selected.
The performer will access memories of similar experience and will chose the appropriate response accordingly.
What types of memory will the performer recall information from during the decision making stage?
Short term
Long term
What is short term memory?
Short-term memory can store about 7 pieces of information for up to 60 seconds. If the information is rehearsed, it can stored in the performer’s long-term memory. If not rehearsed, then it is lost.
What is long-term memory?
A store of well-learned past experiences. It has limited capacity and can hold information for long periods of time. Experiences performers will have more relevant information stored in their long-term memory than beginners, because they will have had more opportunity to rehearse.
