Muscles APPLIED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Name the 14 muscles we need to know.

Answer 1

Biceps 
Triceps 
Hamstring group 
Quadriceps group
Pectorals 
Gluteals 
Latissismis dorsi
Deltoid
Rotator cuffs 
Abdominals 
Hip flexors 
Gastrocnemius 
Tibialis anterior.

Question 2

What are antagonistic pairs? Give examples.

Answer 2

Muscles can only pull, they cannot push. They work in pairs.

The muscle that contracts (first) is the prime mover/agonist.
The muscle that relaxes is called the antagonist

Agonist-muscle gets shorter
Antagonist-lengthens

Biceps and triceps
Hamstring and quadricep.

Question 3

What are the two ways muscles contract?

Answer 3

Isotonic contraction

Isometric contraction

Question 4

What are the two types of isotonic contraction?

Answer 4

In isotonic contraction the muscle length changes when it contract.

The two types are concentric and eccentric.

Question 5

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 5

This is a type of isotonic contraction.

His is when the muscle shortens as it contracts to accelerate an object.
This is the most common type.
Eg jumping.

Question 6

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 6

This is another type of isotonic contraction.

This is when the muscle lengthens under tension. It is used to control (slow down) downward movement.

Eg squats and the downward phase of a press-up.

Going down.

Question 7

What is isometric contraction?

Answer 7

The muscles remain the same length.
Metric means length so the muscles have contracted but stay the same length.

Eg holding a handstand.