Sports psychology Flashcards
Pass the exams
Define personality ?
The patterns of thoughts an feelings and the way in which we interact with our environment and other people that make us unique person
Define anxiety ?
A negative emotional state that is closely associated with arousal. It is experiencing apprehension and being aware of high arousal linked to our fears and worries
Name the two types of personalities ?
Type A
Type B
Define a Type A personality ?
Impatient , intolerant , and high levels of stress
Define a type B personality ?
Relaxed , tolerant , with low personal stress
Define stable personality state ?
A personality characteristic of someone who does not swing form one emotion to another , but their is usually constant in their emotional behaviour
Define an unstable personality ?
A personality characteristic f someone who is highly anxious an has unpredictable emotions
Define extroversion ?
A personality characteristic or trait of a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement but lacks concentration.
Define introversion ?
A personality characteristic or trait of a person who does not seek social situations and likes peace and quiet , but is good at concentrating
Define Arousal ?
The energised state of readiness for action that motivates us o behave in a particular way
Define the Hollanders model ?
Hollander saw personality as a layered structure
Inner core which is not affected by the environment , is where our permanent qualities reside
Outer layer reveals are role related behaviours. This shows are typical responses may be affected by circumstances. Therefore a behaviour will be different at certain situations
Outer layer is the social environment , which affects our role related behaviours
Profile mood states ?
Personalities made up of certain personality traits
Personalities states are related to particular situations
Eg Tension depression anger vigour fatigue confusion
Successful sports people have moods that are fairly consistent all moods except vigour and anger
Unsuccessful - inconsistent moods
Define attitudes ?
A predisposition to act in a particular way towards something or someone in a person’s environment
Components of the triadic model ?
beliefs - Cognitive element
Emotions - Affective element
Behaviour - Behavioural element
beliefs ?
Our beliefs are built on past experiences and by what we have learned from our parents or peers.
Emotions ?
What we like or dislike , it also depends on past experiences. If we have previously experienced satisfaction or enjoyment we will look forward to the experience
Behaviour ?
Not consistent with our attitude and are not linked with our behaviours , but its is relevant as long as we are flexible in use
Methods of changing attitudes ?
Goal setting
Persuasive communication
What effects persuasive communication ?
The person
Quality of message
Characteristics of person being persuaded
Positives of attitudes towards sport and PE ?
believe in value of exercise
Enjoy activities and have fun
good at the activity
experience excitement
They enjoy physical sensation
experience relaxation
Social norm
Negatives attitudes towards PE and sport ?
Dislike the experience
Believe its harmful
Lack physical and perceptual skill
Frightened
Stress
social norm non participation
Define stereotype ?
A belief held by a collection of people about traits shared by certain category of person
Define Arousal
A state of metal and physical readiness
What is drive theory ?
A very high Arousal will result in a high performance and a low drive equals a low performance
Drive reduction ?
An individual may be motivated to complete a task , which can be seen as a ‘ drive ‘. When the drive is perceived as being fulfilled , then the drive is reduced
Inverted U theory ?
As arousal level increases so does performance.
Until it hits optimum level then performance decreases
Catastrophe ?
As arousal increases so does the performance until it hits optimal arousal
But performance can be recovered through extreme decline but performance can still decrease
Takes into account of somatic anxiety an cognitive
Somatic anxiety ?
Anxiety experienced physiologically or of the body eg sweating
Cognitive anxiety ?
Anxiety experienced by the mind eg worry about failing
Peak flow experience ?
When nothing can go wrong
’ in the zone ‘
all is insignificant
Reticular activating system ?
Controls are level of arousal , located in the core of the brain. Can enhance incoming stimuli
Extroverts inhibit the intensity of stimuli
introverts increase the intensity
