Sports psychology Flashcards
Explain what is meant by a performance goal
These are personal standards to be achieved e.g. improve take off in the long jump
Explain what is meant by an outcome goal
These are where the focus is on the end result such as winning.
What does SMART stand for?
Specific, measurable, accepted, realistic, time bound
Describe what is meant by a specific goal.
Goal must be specific to the demands of the sport or the muscles/movement used
Describe what is meant by a measurable goal.
It must be possible to measure whether the goals set have been met
Describe what is meant by an accepted goal.
Goals that are accepted by the performer and others e.g. coach, parents, teacher
Describe what is meant by a realistic goal.
the goals must actually be possible to complete or achieve
Describe what is meant by a time bound goal.
A set period of time must be imposed e.g. by the end of the season
Identify or draw the four stages of the information processing model
Input, decision making, output, feedback
Describe the decision making stage of the information processing model
The stage where you choose an appropriate response e.g how you will hit a tennis or where you want to aim a spike in volleyball
Describe the input stage of the information processing model
This is where you see the ball, punch or whatever it may be in your sport coming towards you
Describe the output stage of the information processing model
Decision is acted upon - information sent to muscles to carry out the response.
Describe the feedback stage of the information processing model
This is when you think about how you played, what you could improve and what you did well
Identify four types of guidance
Visual, verbal, manual, mechanical
Explain verbal guidance
This involves using your sense of hearing and could involve listening to a coach give instructions.
Explain visual guidance
This involves the performer being able to actually see something using sight which could be a demonstration, a video, you tube clip or photograph, chart, court markings.
Explain mechanical guidance
This involves the use of objects or aids such as RoboGolfPro machine for golfers to practice the golf swing, floats in swim.
Explain manual guidance
This is where the performer can be assisted in a physical movement e.g. supporting somebody do a gym vault.
Give an example of manual guidance
Gymnastic vault
Give an example of visual guidance
Looking at a demo of how to serve in badminton, looking at pictures, watching you tube videos
Give an example of verbal guidance
Listeninig to a coach give instructions of how to move the arms in back crawl
Give an example of mechanical guidance
Using a float in swimming, Trampoline Harness, Bowling machine in cricket.
Identify six types of feedback
Positive, negative, extrinsic, intrinsic, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance
Describe extrinsic feedback
Received from outside of the performer e.g. coach
Describe intrinsic feedback
Feedback received from witin themselves e.g. how a shot at goal felt
Describe knowledge of results
This is feedback the performer gets through the end result of a performance e.g. the score, how many runs made
Describe knowledge of performance
This is how the performer feels about their actions from the performance that has just taken place
Describe what is meant by positive feedback
Feedback about what was good and correct about a performance
Describe what is meant by negative feedback
Feedback about what was bad or incorrect about a performance
What are the characteristics of an introvert
Shy, quiet, individual sports, low levesl of arousal, fine skills
What are the characteristics of an extrovert
Gross skills, talkative, enthusiastic, get bored when on their own, sociable
Which sports are suited to introverts?
Individual sports e.g. tennis, weight lifting, cheerleading, boxing
Which sports are suited to extroverts?
Team sports e.g. basketball, football, handball, netball
Define direct aggression
Aggression that is aimed at another player and invoves physical contact
Define indirect aggression
Aggression that does not involve any physical contact
Define motivation
The drive to succeed or the desire to want to achieve something
Define arousal
A physical and mental state of readiness or alertness varying from deep sleep to excitement
Draw the inverted U theory
An inverted U shape with the axis labelled as arousal level (x axis) and performance (y axis)
Describe the inverted U theory
As arousal increases so does performance upto optimal level, if arousal increases further performance decreases
Identify three ways of controlling arousal
Deep breathing, positive self talk, visualisation, imagery, mental rehearsal
Give an example of direct aggression
Punching in football or body tackle in rugby
Give an example of indirect aggression
Hitting a tennis ball or shuttlecock harder
Explain positive self talk
This involves you mentally reflecting and reframing your thoughts relacing negative thoughts with positive ones
Explain visualisation/imagery
Changing the way you think in order to change the way you behave. Recalling a positive outcome.
Explain deep breathing
Controlling arousal by deep and slow breaths to increase oxygen suppy to the brain
Define intrinsic motivation
Comes from within, pride, self satisfaction, personal achievement
Define extrinsic motivation
Comes from others e.g. coaches, tangible rewards icnlude trophies and medals, intangible such as praise, applause
