Sports psychology

Question 1

Explain what is meant by a performance goal

Answer 1

These are personal standards to be achieved e.g. improve take off in the long jump

Question 2

Explain what is meant by an outcome goal

Answer 2

These are where the focus is on the end result such as winning.

Question 3

What does SMART stand for?

Answer 3

Specific, measurable, accepted, realistic, time bound

Question 4

Describe what is meant by a specific goal.

Answer 4

Goal must be specific to the demands of the sport or the muscles/movement used

Question 5

Describe what is meant by a measurable goal.

Answer 5

It must be possible to measure whether the goals set have been met

Question 6

Describe what is meant by an accepted goal.

Answer 6

Goals that are accepted by the performer and others e.g. coach, parents, teacher

Question 7

Describe what is meant by a realistic goal.

Answer 7

the goals must actually be possible to complete or achieve

Question 8

Describe what is meant by a time bound goal.

Answer 8

A set period of time must be imposed e.g. by the end of the season

Question 9

Identify or draw the four stages of the information processing model

Answer 9

Input, decision making, output, feedback

Question 10

Describe the decision making stage of the information processing model

Answer 10

The stage where you choose an appropriate response e.g how you will hit a tennis or where you want to aim a spike in volleyball

Question 11

Describe the input stage of the information processing model

Answer 11

This is where you see the ball, punch or whatever it may be in your sport coming towards you

Question 12

Describe the output stage of the information processing model

Answer 12

Decision is acted upon - information sent to muscles to carry out the response.

Question 13

Describe the feedback stage of the information processing model

Answer 13

This is when you think about how you played, what you could improve and what you did well

Question 14

Identify four types of guidance

Answer 14

Visual, verbal, manual, mechanical

Question 15

Explain verbal guidance

Answer 15

This involves using your sense of hearing and could involve listening to a coach give instructions.

Question 16

Explain visual guidance

Answer 16

This involves the performer being able to actually see something using sight which could be a demonstration, a video, you tube clip or photograph, chart, court markings.

Question 17

Explain mechanical guidance

Answer 17

This involves the use of objects or aids such as RoboGolfPro machine for golfers to practice the golf swing, floats in swim.

Question 18

Explain manual guidance

Answer 18

This is where the performer can be assisted in a physical movement e.g. supporting somebody do a gym vault.

Question 19

Give an example of manual guidance

Answer 19

Gymnastic vault

Question 20

Give an example of visual guidance

Answer 20

Looking at a demo of how to serve in badminton, looking at pictures, watching you tube videos

Question 21

Give an example of verbal guidance

Answer 21

Listeninig to a coach give instructions of how to move the arms in back crawl

Question 22

Give an example of mechanical guidance

Answer 22

Using a float in swimming, Trampoline Harness, Bowling machine in cricket.

Question 23

Identify six types of feedback

Answer 23

Positive, negative, extrinsic, intrinsic, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance

Question 24

Describe extrinsic feedback

Answer 24

Received from outside of the performer e.g. coach

Question 25

Describe intrinsic feedback

Answer 25

Feedback received from witin themselves e.g. how a shot at goal felt

Question 26

Describe knowledge of results

Answer 26

This is feedback the performer gets through the end result of a performance e.g. the score, how many runs made

Question 27

Describe knowledge of performance

Answer 27

This is how the performer feels about their actions from the performance that has just taken place

Question 28

Describe what is meant by positive feedback

Answer 28

Feedback about what was good and correct about a performance

Question 29

Describe what is meant by negative feedback

Answer 29

Feedback about what was bad or incorrect about a performance

Question 30

What are the characteristics of an introvert

Answer 30

Shy, quiet, individual sports, low levesl of arousal, fine skills

Question 31

What are the characteristics of an extrovert

Answer 31

Gross skills, talkative, enthusiastic, get bored when on their own, sociable

Question 32

Which sports are suited to introverts?

Answer 32

Individual sports e.g. tennis, weight lifting, cheerleading, boxing

Question 33

Which sports are suited to extroverts?

Answer 33

Team sports e.g. basketball, football, handball, netball

Question 34

Define direct aggression

Answer 34

Aggression that is aimed at another player and invoves physical contact

Question 35

Define indirect aggression

Answer 35

Aggression that does not involve any physical contact

Question 36

Define motivation

Answer 36

The drive to succeed or the desire to want to achieve something

Question 37

Define arousal

Answer 37

A physical and mental state of readiness or alertness varying from deep sleep to excitement

Question 38

Draw the inverted U theory

Answer 38

An inverted U shape with the axis labelled as arousal level (x axis) and performance (y axis)

Question 39

Describe the inverted U theory

Answer 39

As arousal increases so does performance upto optimal level, if arousal increases further performance decreases

Question 40

Identify three ways of controlling arousal

Answer 40

Deep breathing, positive self talk, visualisation, imagery, mental rehearsal

Question 41

Give an example of direct aggression

Answer 41

Punching in football or body tackle in rugby

Question 42

Give an example of indirect aggression

Answer 42

Hitting a tennis ball or shuttlecock harder

Question 43

Explain positive self talk

Answer 43

This involves you mentally reflecting and reframing your thoughts relacing negative thoughts with positive ones

Question 44

Explain visualisation/imagery

Answer 44

Changing the way you think in order to change the way you behave. Recalling a positive outcome.

Question 45

Explain deep breathing

Answer 45

Controlling arousal by deep and slow breaths to increase oxygen suppy to the brain

Question 46

Define intrinsic motivation

Answer 46

Comes from within, pride, self satisfaction, personal achievement

Question 47

Define extrinsic motivation

Answer 47

Comes from others e.g. coaches, tangible rewards icnlude trophies and medals, intangible such as praise, applause