Socio cultural influences Flashcards
Describe the engagement patterns of the social group: Gender
Women have more body fat upto 30% more, women have 2/3 of the strength of men, flexibility tends to be greater in women, boys overtake women in height, weight and strength
Describe the engagement patterns of the social group: Age
Reaction time descreases as you get older, strength increases with age until 30s, young children cannot cope with difficult tasks, injury and disease are more common as you get older
Describe the engagement patterns of the social group: Disability
Adapted activities, adapted equipment, disability classifications, provision
Identify a range of factors that can affect engagement
Attitudes, role models, education, media coverage, familiarity, income, inclusiveness, religion, sexism, family commitments
Describe the engagement patterns of the social group: Family/friends
Peers may encourage you or discourage you from participation, parents often pay for travel, memberships, costs, peer pressure
Describe the engagement patterns of the social group: Race/religion/culture
Womens boxing, single sex rules in sport, dress codes, head and hair codes e.g. Sikh faith, religious dietary guidelines
What is the Golden triangle?
The financial relationship between sport, sponsorship and the media
What is meant by sponsorship?
Where a company pays money to a team or individual in return for advertising their goods
Define commercialisation
Managing or exploiting an organisation or activity in a way designed to make a profit
Which sort of people can get sponsorship?
Individuals, teams, events, specifc sport, competitions
Identify different types of sponsorship
Financial, clothing, equipment, facilities
What are the positive effects of sponsorship on the performer/sport?
Sponsorship deals, promotion, more prize money, improves profile and image of the sport
What are the negative effects of sponsorship on the performer/sport?
Withdrawal of sponsorship, change of dates of events, clothing and equipment restrictions, inequality
What are the positive effects of sponsorship for the sponsor?
Advertising, image, tax relief, research and development
What is meant by the media?
The main ways that people communicate e.g. TV, radio, internet
Identify different types of the media
Social media, television, radio, the press, internet
What are the positive effects of the media on sport?
Promotes sport, raises popularity, increases participation, increased revenue, sponsorship, education
What are the negative affects of the media on sport?
Media pressure, TV directors influence, populairty, undermines officials, intrusion
What are the negative effects of technology on sport?
Changes sport, slows down the game
What are the positive effects of technology on sport?
Excitement, fairer, analysis of performance, improved design of sport, better viewing for spectators,
What are the positive effects of technology on officials?
Helps make correct decisions, communicate between officials
What are the negative effects of technology on officials?
Can be too reliant on technology, cost, slows game down
Whata is the positive and negative impact of technology on sponsors?
Helps advertise products, leading to more sales, injuries, cheating and losing can negatively affect sponsor.
Define etiquette
The unwritten rules concerning player behaviour
What are the positive and negative impact of technology on spectators?
Enhanced experience at home, wider range of sports accessible, hawkeye, player cams, better informed about activity, can slow the game down
Define sportsmanship
Appropriate, polite and fair behaviour while participating in a sporting event
Define gamesmanship
The use of dubious methodsthat are not strictly illegal to gain an advantage
What is meant by contract to compete?
Agreeing to play by the rules, trying to win but also allowing your opponent to play
What is the function of stimulants?
They affect the central nervous system, Increase alertness, reduce fatigue andd can increase competitiveness.
Who would benefit from using stiumlants?
Sprinters, speed swimmers
What are the negative side effects of using stimulants?
Death, high blood pressure, anxiety, strokes, irregular heartbeat, addiction
What is the function of narcotic analgesics?
Painkillers e.g. morphine used to mask pain from an injury or overtraining
Who would benefit from using narcotic analgesics?
Anybody needing to recover from overtraining
What are the negative side effects of using narcotic analgesics?
Low blood pressure, constipation, respiratory depression, exhaustian
What is the function of anabolic steroids?
Increase muscle strength, help them train longer and harder
Who would benefit from using anabolic steroids?
Weight lifters
What are the negative side effects of using anabolic steroids?
Liver damage, heart disease, addiction, aggression, sexual problems, deeper voice, kidney damage
What is the function of peptide hormones (EPO)?
EPO regulates the production of red blood cells increasing ability of athletes blood to carry oxygen
Who would benefit from using peptide hormones (EPO)?
Marathon runners, cycling
What are the negative side effects of using peptide hormones (EPO)?
Thickening of blood, the heart has to work harder, heart attacks, stroke
What is the function of beta blockers?
Reduce heart rate, muscle tension, and blood pressure, reduces affects of adrenaline, improve preciseness
Who would benefit from using beta blockers?
Snooker players, archery, shooting events, darts
What are the negative side effects of using beta blockers?
Nausea, weakness, heart problems
What is the function of diuretics?
Reduce excess body fluids, reduce weight quickly, dilute the presence of illegal substances and remove them in urine
Who would benefit from using diuretics?
Horse jockeys, boxers
What are the negative side effects of using diuretics?
Dehydration, low blood pressure, cramps
Which sports does blood doipng benefit?
Endurance sports e.g. marathon
What is blood doping?
Involves the removal of blood a few weeks prior to competition, the blood is frozen and reinjected just before competition. Increases blood cells.
What are the side effects of blood doping?
Thickening of the blood, infections, heart attack, blockage of blood vessels
What are the advantages of taking PEDs?
Success, fame, wealth, level playing field
What are the disadvantages of taking PEDs?
Cheating, immoral, health risks, fines, bans, damage to reputation, credibility
What are the positive influences of spectators at matches?
Atmosphere, home field advantage
What are the negative influences of spectators at matches?
Negative affect on performance due to pressure, hooliganism, crowd trouble, negative affect on participation numbers, safety costs
Why does hooliganism occur?
Rivalries, hype, gang culture, dispay masculinity, alcohol, drugs, frustration at officials
How can hooligansim be combated?
Early kick offs, all seater stadiums, segregation of fans, improved security, travel restrictions, banning orders, educating fans
What is meant by home field advantage?
The psychological advantage that the home team has over the away team as a result of playing in front of supportive fans
How can spectators have a positive influence?
Atmosphere, home field advantage
How can spectators have a negative influence?
Increased pressure from home crowd, large crowds could lead to safety concerns, hooliganism
