Sports Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Describe two tests for subacromial impingement syndrome.

A
  • Neer: internally rotate the outstretched arm and have the patient raise it
  • Hawkins: place the patient’s arm in 90 degrees of shoulder and elbow flexion, then internally rotate the arm
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2
Q

Describe the pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

A
  • due to inflammation of the common extensor origin or extensor carpi radialis
  • presents with pain over the distal lateral epicondyle and weakness of grip strength
  • treat with rest, NSAIDs, PT, a counterforce sleeve, or steroid injections
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3
Q

Describe the pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of medial epicondylitis.

A
  • due to inflammation of the common flexor tendon
  • presents with pain over the medial epicondyle worse with valgus stress
  • treat with rest, NSAIDs, PT, a counterforce sleeve, or steroid injections
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4
Q

Describe the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of De Quervain tenosynovitis.

A
  • due to inflammation of the extensor pollicis braves and abductor pollicis longus following repeated thumb abduction and extension
  • presents as pain and tenderness over the radial side of the rest, often in new mothers constantly holding the baby
  • diagnosis is with the finkelstein test: patient closes fist with thumb across the palm, producing pain
  • treat with thumb spica splint, NSAIDs, and steroids
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5
Q

How is a scaphoid fracture managed?

A
  • the best initial test is a radiograph
  • if this is negative, place in a spica splint for 2 weeks
  • repeat radiograph at that time
  • if this is negative, continue to treat for total of 4-6 weeks
  • if symptoms persist, get a CT
  • displaced fractures more than 2mm need ORIF
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6
Q

What is the Lachman test?

A
  • a test of ACL tear that is more sensitive than anterior draw
  • involves pulling anteriorly on the tibia with the knee flexed to 30 degrees rather than 90
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7
Q

What causes patellofemoral knee syndrome?

A

overuse, muscular imbalance of the quadriceps, or poor biomechanics

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8
Q

Describe the associated conditions, diagnosis, and treatment of atlantoaxial instability.

A
  • associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome
  • diagnosed with lateral flexion and extension x-rays
  • treat with surgical fusion and use caution when intubating
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9
Q

How is nursemaid’s elbow reduced?

A

perform hyperpronation followed by supination with hyperflexion

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10
Q

What causes supra patellar bursitis?

A

this bursa communicates with the joint space of the knee and becomes inflamed in those with osteoarthritis

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11
Q

Describe the presentation and treatment of plantar fasciitis.

A
  • presents with heel pain and tenderness at the rear of foot, which worsens with the first steps of the day
  • treat with stretching and steroid injection
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12
Q

Describe the presentation and treatment of stress fractures.

A
  • typically presents with pain over the 2nd metatarsal

- treat with rest as well as wide and hard-soled footwear

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13
Q

Describe the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a Jones fracture.

A
  • presents with pain over the 5th metatarsal and may be complicated by delayed healing
  • diagnose with radiographs
  • for non-displaced fractures, cast and don’t bear weight
  • for displaced fractures, ORIF
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14
Q

Describe the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a Morton Neuroma.

A
  • presents with numbness and burning pain between the 3rd and 4th digits; squeezing the metatarsals causes pain and crepitus
  • US or MRI to confirm the diagnosis
  • treat with metatarsal support pads followed by injections or surgery
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