Preventative Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening

A

one-time screening with ultrasound for men 65-75 who have ever smoked

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2
Q

Who should get low-dose aspirin prophylaxis and for what?

A
  • recommended for adults 50-59 who have a 10% or greater 10-year cardiovascular risk
  • used to lower risk of CRC and cardiovascular disease
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3
Q

When should hypertension screening start?

A

recommended for anyone over the age of 18

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4
Q

What is the recommendation for BRCA screening?

A
  • screening recommended for women who have family members with breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer using a tool based on family history
  • those who test positive should have genetic counseling and BRCA testing
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5
Q

What recommendation is there for the use of medications to prevent breast cancer?

A
  • tamoxifen and raloxifene (SERMs) reduce breast cancer risk compared to placebo
  • they have the most benefit for women with 2 or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer, but should be offered based on shared decision making
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6
Q

What are the guidelines for breast cancer screening?

A

screening mammography for women 50-75 every 1-2 years

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7
Q

What are the recommendations for cervical cancer screening?

A
  • every three years with cervical cytology alone for women 21-29
  • every five years with cervical cytology and high risk HPV testing for women 30-65
  • it is not indicated for woman who have had a hysterectomy and never had a high-grade lesion
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8
Q

Who should have annual gonorrhea and chlamydia screening?

A

recommended for sexually active women 24 or younger and in older women who are at increased risk

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9
Q

What is the basic CRC screening recommendation?

A
  • for the general population, do colonoscopy every 10 years from 50-75
  • with CRC or adenomatous polyps in any first-degree relative less than 60 or any two first-degree relatives: start at 40 or 10 years younger and go every 5 years
  • with CRC or adenomatous polyps in any first-degree relative over 60 or any two second-degree relatives: start at 40 and go every 10 years
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10
Q

When should depression screening start?

A

age 12

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11
Q

What guidelines are there for diabetes screening?

A

recommended in those 40-70 years old with a BMI greater than 25, HTN, or HLD using fasting blood glucose or HbA1c

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12
Q

Who should be screened for hepatitis B?

A

recommended for persons at high risk for infection and in all pregnant women at their first prenatal visit

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13
Q

Who should be screened for hepatitis C?

A

recommended for all persons at high risk for infection and one-time screening in adults born between 1945-1965

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14
Q

Who should be screened for HIV?

A

recommended once for all persons 15-65 years old and in those younger or older at increased risk

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15
Q

What are the recommendations for lung cancer screening?

A

annual screening recommended using low-dose CT for adults 55-80 who have at least a 30 pack year smoking history and have smoked within the past 15 years

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16
Q

Who should receive a routine DEXA scan?

A
  • postmenopausal women younger than 65 at increased risk as determined by a formal assessment tool
  • all women at age 65
17
Q

Which cancer screening provides the greatest mortality benefit?

A

mammography

18
Q

For adults, what are the two most beneficial vaccines?

A

influenza and pneumococcus

19
Q

For which adult populations should live vaccines not be given?

A

for adults over age 50 and for adults with chronic medical illness

20
Q

Who should receive the inactivated flu vaccine?

A

those 50 years of age or older or who have chronic medical illness

21
Q

What are the indications for influenza vaccination?

A

it should be given to everyone yearly

22
Q

In what sequence should the pneumococcal vaccines be given?

A
  • start with the 13 polyvalent
  • after 6-12 months, give the 23 polyvalent
  • revaccinate after 5 years for those who are immunocompromised or had their first injection prior to 65
23
Q

Who is the zoster vaccine indicated for?

A

all patients above age 50

24
Q

Hepatitis A and B vaccination are indicated for who?

A
  • both are indicated for all children, adults with chronic liver disease or inject drug use, and men who have sex with men
  • HepA is also indicated for travelers
  • HepB is also indicated for healthcare workers, diabetics, and those with ESRD
25
Q

Describe the recommended tetanus vaccination schedule.

A
  • Td should be given every 10 years

- Tdap should be given with every pregnancy and in place of one Td booster

26
Q

Describe tetanus post-exposure prophylaxis.

A
  • immunoglobulin should be given to those never vaccinated
  • for those with a dirty wound, give a booster after 5 years
  • for those with a clean wound, give a booster after 10 years
27
Q

Who is the meningococcal vaccine indicated for?

A
  • indicated at age 11 for all individuals
  • indicated for adults with asplenia, terminal complement deficiency, military recruits, residents of college dorms, and those with HIV
28
Q

Describe HepA post-exposure prophylaxis.

A
  • it is indicated for household and sexual contacts
  • for individuals between 12 and 40 years old, HepA vaccination is sufficient
  • for those outside 12-40, have liver disease, or are immunocompromised, also give immune globulin
29
Q

Describe who should receive HepB post-exposure prophylaxis and what they should receive.

A
  • indicated for needle-stick and sexual exposures to those positive for HBsAg if patients don’t have anti-HBs
  • give immune globulin and vaccination unless patients already have anti-HBs
30
Q

What is used as pre-eclampsia prophylaxis and when is it started?

A

aspirin after 12 weeks gestation for women at high risk

31
Q

For whom are statins recommended?

A
  • those with clinical atherosclerotic disease
  • those with LDL greater than 190
  • those 40-75 with diabetes and LDL 70-189
  • those 40-75 with an LDL 70-189 and ASCVD of 7.5% or greater