Sports Med: How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes?

Question 1

what is hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia?

Answer 1

hypo= low sugar levels

hyper= high sugar levels

Question 2

What is type two diabetes and how is it induced/what does it do?

Answer 2

It is a lifestyle disease, brought on by physical inactivity and poor diet.

characterised by a breakdown in effieciency of insulin activity resulting in high levels of insulin and glucose in the blood.

Question 3

what is type one diabetes and what is it caused by/what does it do?

Answer 3

it is insulin dependent, caused by an autoimmune disorder.

characterised by the body no longer produces insulin, resulitng in a build up of glucose in the blood.

type 1 is more prevalent amongst children, rather than type 2

Question 4

how does it affect the way young people engage in sport?

Answer 4

it affects sports engagement because glucose is an important energy source during participation.

if glucose levels are too low, this can lead to a hypoglycaemic episode.
if the glucose levels are too high, this can lead to a hyperglycaemic episode.
thse can lead to unconsciouness or death.

Question 5

what should the player do to participate in sports?

Answer 5

the player should monitor their glucose, and eating before and after excercise.

they should have snacks and water available always.

Question 6

what are implications for the coach?

Answer 6

the coach should
-carry high sugar foods eg lollies,
-know diabetes signs and symptoms
-know who has diabetes and who it will affect them
-allow for rest

Question 7

what is epilepsy

Answer 7

epilepsy is a disturbance to brain functioning, causing a brief alteration to consciousness, resulting in seizures

Question 8

what are the implications for how young people engage in sport?

Answer 8

Epilepsy should not limit a players participation unless they are having frequent seizures they should avoid contact sports eg. boxing

close supervision should be undertaken when a child is participating in activiteis eg. watersports, bike and horse riding

Question 9

what causes epilectic fits

Answer 9

fatigue and high body temperature

Question 10

how is epilepsy managed by coaches

Answer 10

coaches should:
-know who has epilepsy
-plan alternate activites
-be aware of heat and the athletes limits

Question 11

what is asthma

Answer 11

asthma is characterised by inflammation of the airways leading to the bronchioles, limiting air flow in/out of lungs.

Question 12

what are triggers of asthma?

Answer 12

dust, pollen, pollution and dry air

Question 13

what are some heart conditions an aged athlete/adult may have?

Answer 13

high blood pressure

heart problems eg. heart attack

bypass surgery

Question 14

what must aged athletes/adults with heart conditions do when taking part in new excersise

Answer 14

get medical clearance

light-moderate intensity

gradual progression

Question 15

what type of activity should aged athletes/adults with heart conditions take part in

Answer 15

strength and aerobic training as they help reduce blood pressure which is beneficial to heart health

Question 16

what type of aerobic training should aged athletes/adults with heart conditions do

Answer 16

walking
cycling
swimming
golf

not too stressful on cardiovascular system

Question 17

what type of strength training should aged athletes/adults with heart conditions do

Answer 17

light resistance and major muscle groups

should avoid heavy weights and isometric training eg plank as it causes an increase in blood pressure

Question 18

why do aged athletes/adults have higher risk of fractures/bone density

Answer 18

bones weaken with age, can lead to osteoporosis (which is reduced bone density)

Question 19

what does osteoporosis cause

Answer 19

increased fractures as bones are thin and weak

Question 20

how do aged athletes/adults avoid fractures and bone density problems

Answer 20

strength training eg. weights- increase in bone density and strenght

balancing activites eg. aerobics- as it minimises risk of falls; which are a leading cause of fractures in aged people

Question 21

how does flexibility and joint mobility affect aged athletes/adults

Answer 21

it reduces with age.
reduced mobility = reduced independence

Question 22

how do aged athletes/adults prevent flexibility and joint mobility issues

Answer 22

flexibility training- daily stretching eg. sit and reach

aquarobics- maintains joint mobility, low impact, water offers resistance for strengthening muscles

yoga-

Question 23

in female athletes, what are eating disorders characterised by

Answer 23

abnormal eating behaviours eg. anorexia, bulimia

Question 24

in which sports are eating disorders in female athletes common

Answer 24

sports that require low body fat and ideal body shape/size to be at an advantage
eg. gymnastics or diving

Question 25

why are female athletes more likely to develop eating disorders

Answer 25

pressure from media eg. magazine and instagram

social expectations to have “athletic” body

Question 26

how can a coach reduce eating disorders in female athletes

Answer 26

know how to detect signs of eating disorders

observe athletes eating practices

educate athletes on healthy eating and eating disorders

Question 27

why do female athletes often have iron deficiency

Answer 27

blood loss through menstruation

reduced consumption of red meat on average

Question 28

why is iron deficiency in female athletes an issue

Answer 28

iron has an important role in oxygen transportation which is vital for muscle functioning

Question 29

what does iron deficiency cause

Answer 29

anemia

Question 30

what does anaemia cause

Answer 30

anaemia reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, leading to fatigue and loss of energy

Question 31

what may female athletes need to do if they have anaemia

Answer 31

they may require supplementation- iron tablets

Question 32

how does iron deficiency affect female athletes sporting participation

Answer 32

it can limit sporting participation- esp. aerobic sports- if levels not monitored and increased if necessary

Question 33

what process do female athletes that often leads to bone density issues

Answer 33

menopause

Question 34

why does menopause lead to a decrease in bone density in female athletes

Answer 34

a decrease in oestrogen levels leads to more calcium lost in bones, causing brittle bones

Question 35

what does bone density issues in female athletes lead to

Answer 35

increased risk of fractures

Question 36

how would female athletes prevent bone density issues

Answer 36

adequate dietary intake of calcium eg. dairy products

Question 37

how does bone density affect female athletes sporting participation

Answer 37

significantly affects as low bone density leads to increased risk of fractures, which are a safety risk.

low impact activity eg. swimming and cycling are recommended because of this

Question 38

how does pregnancy affect female athletes excercise

Answer 38

it must be light-moderate intensity

done at a cool temperature

with adequate water consumption

Question 39

what does cool temperature and adequate water consumption prevent for a pregnant female athlete

Answer 39

heat stress, which can be harmful to fetus

Question 40

why is self managed exercise programs recommended to pregnant female athlete

Answer 40

it is easier to follow the guidelines

Question 41

what are the benefits for female athletes of exercising whilst pregnant

Answer 41

weight control

increased cardiovascular fitness

improved well being