Sports Med: How does sports medicine address the demands of specific athletes? Flashcards
what is hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia?
hypo= low sugar levels
hyper= high sugar levels
What is type two diabetes and how is it induced/what does it do?
It is a lifestyle disease, brought on by physical inactivity and poor diet.
characterised by a breakdown in effieciency of insulin activity resulting in high levels of insulin and glucose in the blood.
what is type one diabetes and what is it caused by/what does it do?
it is insulin dependent, caused by an autoimmune disorder.
characterised by the body no longer produces insulin, resulitng in a build up of glucose in the blood.
type 1 is more prevalent amongst children, rather than type 2
how does it affect the way young people engage in sport?
it affects sports engagement because glucose is an important energy source during participation.
if glucose levels are too low, this can lead to a hypoglycaemic episode.
if the glucose levels are too high, this can lead to a hyperglycaemic episode.
thse can lead to unconsciouness or death.
what should the player do to participate in sports?
the player should monitor their glucose, and eating before and after excercise.
they should have snacks and water available always.
what are implications for the coach?
the coach should
-carry high sugar foods eg lollies,
-know diabetes signs and symptoms
-know who has diabetes and who it will affect them
-allow for rest
what is epilepsy
epilepsy is a disturbance to brain functioning, causing a brief alteration to consciousness, resulting in seizures
what are the implications for how young people engage in sport?
Epilepsy should not limit a players participation unless they are having frequent seizures they should avoid contact sports eg. boxing
close supervision should be undertaken when a child is participating in activiteis eg. watersports, bike and horse riding
what causes epilectic fits
fatigue and high body temperature
how is epilepsy managed by coaches
coaches should:
-know who has epilepsy
-plan alternate activites
-be aware of heat and the athletes limits
what is asthma
asthma is characterised by inflammation of the airways leading to the bronchioles, limiting air flow in/out of lungs.
what are triggers of asthma?
dust, pollen, pollution and dry air
what are some heart conditions an aged athlete/adult may have?
high blood pressure
heart problems eg. heart attack
bypass surgery
what must aged athletes/adults with heart conditions do when taking part in new excersise
get medical clearance
light-moderate intensity
gradual progression
what type of activity should aged athletes/adults with heart conditions take part in
strength and aerobic training as they help reduce blood pressure which is beneficial to heart health
what type of aerobic training should aged athletes/adults with heart conditions do
walking
cycling
swimming
golf
not too stressful on cardiovascular system
what type of strength training should aged athletes/adults with heart conditions do
light resistance and major muscle groups
should avoid heavy weights and isometric training eg plank as it causes an increase in blood pressure
why do aged athletes/adults have higher risk of fractures/bone density
bones weaken with age, can lead to osteoporosis (which is reduced bone density)
what does osteoporosis cause
increased fractures as bones are thin and weak
how do aged athletes/adults avoid fractures and bone density problems
strength training eg. weights- increase in bone density and strenght
balancing activites eg. aerobics- as it minimises risk of falls; which are a leading cause of fractures in aged people
how does flexibility and joint mobility affect aged athletes/adults
it reduces with age.
reduced mobility = reduced independence
how do aged athletes/adults prevent flexibility and joint mobility issues
flexibility training- daily stretching eg. sit and reach
aquarobics- maintains joint mobility, low impact, water offers resistance for strengthening muscles
yoga-
in female athletes, what are eating disorders characterised by
abnormal eating behaviours eg. anorexia, bulimia
in which sports are eating disorders in female athletes common
sports that require low body fat and ideal body shape/size to be at an advantage
eg. gymnastics or diving
why are female athletes more likely to develop eating disorders
pressure from media eg. magazine and instagram
social expectations to have “athletic” body
how can a coach reduce eating disorders in female athletes
know how to detect signs of eating disorders
observe athletes eating practices
educate athletes on healthy eating and eating disorders
why do female athletes often have iron deficiency
blood loss through menstruation
reduced consumption of red meat on average
why is iron deficiency in female athletes an issue
iron has an important role in oxygen transportation which is vital for muscle functioning
what does iron deficiency cause
anemia
what does anaemia cause
anaemia reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, leading to fatigue and loss of energy
what may female athletes need to do if they have anaemia
they may require supplementation- iron tablets
how does iron deficiency affect female athletes sporting participation
it can limit sporting participation- esp. aerobic sports- if levels not monitored and increased if necessary
what process do female athletes that often leads to bone density issues
menopause
why does menopause lead to a decrease in bone density in female athletes
a decrease in oestrogen levels leads to more calcium lost in bones, causing brittle bones
what does bone density issues in female athletes lead to
increased risk of fractures
how would female athletes prevent bone density issues
adequate dietary intake of calcium eg. dairy products
how does bone density affect female athletes sporting participation
significantly affects as low bone density leads to increased risk of fractures, which are a safety risk.
low impact activity eg. swimming and cycling are recommended because of this
how does pregnancy affect female athletes excercise
it must be light-moderate intensity
done at a cool temperature
with adequate water consumption
what does cool temperature and adequate water consumption prevent for a pregnant female athlete
heat stress, which can be harmful to fetus
why is self managed exercise programs recommended to pregnant female athlete
it is easier to follow the guidelines
what are the benefits for female athletes of exercising whilst pregnant
weight control
increased cardiovascular fitness
improved well being
