Sports And Society Flashcards
Characteristics of popular recreation
Limited transport (each village had different rules/location)
Illiterate
Harsh society
Feudal system
Agricultural work and long shifts, so only played on holidays and holy days
Industrial revolution
Rural to urban migration
Middle class formed
Change of working condition
Wages decrease
Rational recreation
19th century sporting past times for the lower class that were well organised and controlled by the middle class
Middle class
Factory owners so increase leisure time and allowed half days and Saturday
Codified rules
Created leagues and competition
Public provision
Industrial patronage
Factory owners became patrons for the sport of working class
Allowed for facilities and more time to train
Reasons for NGBs
Maintain and control and organise sport
Maintain amateur ideal
More teams
More leagues and fixtures
Codification of rules
Impact of public school boys
Middle and upper class boys who went to school where they learnt the value of athleticism
Working hard to get a result
Working to be the best of ability
Keep to the spirit of the game
Learning etiquette and following rules
Self discipline
Public school boys and the British Empire
NGB’s codified rules and created national league
Teachers taught traditional sporting values
Army officers travelled the British empire and spread sport
Clergy trade teams and played round the world
Factory owners allowed half days on Saturday to play sport
19th century gentleman amateur
Upper and middle class
Wealthy
Lots of time to play
No desire to improve through training
Hi, morality
Positives of 19th century amateurs
Play to a set of rules
High etiquette promoted high morality and sportsmanship
High profile
Played for enjoyment
19th century working class professional
Working class
Poor
Little time to train
Trained hard to improve
Low morality
Modern day professional
Highly skilled
Respected for ability so paid
Only some sports offer professionalism
Celebrity status as increased media coverage and wealth
More time to train lead to higher standards
Emergence of elite female popular in modern day sport
Equal opportunity as broken down gender bias after war
More coverage BT covered women’s super league
Increase role models as performers and coaches and officials
Increase grassroots and professional women teams
More funding
Track and field
AAC
Amateur athletic club
Exclusive clause
Public school boys and ex university men
For respectable athletes emphasise in Fairplay, courage and no waging
Track and field
AAA
Amateur athletic Association
Removed exclusive clause
Professionals athletes who ran for money
Not acceptable for women
Post World War II
London Olympics, 1948
Trust funds - safeguard eligibility to compete amateur so allowed financial funding
Governing body for athletics (all payments authorised by them)
Allowed male and female athletes go around the world to compete
No trust fund - international AAA cancelled international athletics Association Federation
Society
A group of people associated for some specific purpose or share a common interest
Success in sport on a global scale reflects and measures the status of that society or nation
Socialisation
A lifelong process where members of society learns its norms, values, ideas, practices, and roles in order to take their place in society
Primary socialisation
Early childhood, influenced by immediate family
Watching siblings/parents play
Forced or encouraged to play themselves
However, academic success may be more prioritised
Secondary socialisation
Teenagers, influenced by wider family, friends, school, media
Participate social reasons/extracurricular/shown on TV
Gender socialisation
(Gender association)
Learning of behaviour and attitude associated and appropriate for a given sex
Certain sports are only associated with a certain sex based on an image of the sport
School curriculum based on gender and participation
Social control
Refers to the way in which peoples thoughts and feelings and appearances and behaviours are regulated in a social system
Family
Religion
Media
Education
Social change
Institutions readjust to meet the new needs of society
Kick for life help helps increase football participation in deprived area
Cricket for change helps cricket coaching in areas of high crime and antisocial behaviour
This girl can help increase female participation rates across the country
Social issues
Problems that affect many people in society
Inequalities
The first situation where resources/opportunities aren’t evenly distributed within a society
Social stratification
Society is divided into different levels based on characteristics such as wealth, status and class
Social class
Social inequalities due to peoples access to wealth, income and power affected by job family background education and income
Social stratification and social class depends on
Types choice of activity
Social class
Horse riding versus tennis
Socio economic status determined schooling public/private
Certain groups still are under represented
Feel inferior due to lack of participation
Social stratification and social class depends on
Number of opportunities
More disposable income have easier access to clubs resources and facilities
Social stratification and social class depends on
Time/money/transport
Lower social class may emphasise family, chores, education
Social action theory
A way to view socialisation emphasis and social action
Considers how sport can have an impact on society through interaction of organisations (schools/campaigns groups) are created
This influences people/shapes wider society– flow rules decreasing discrimination
Changes existing social processes
Promote sports becoming more democratic and prevents dominance
Individual motives so sports variation in participating
Benefits of participating individual and society
Health
Individual – increases health and fitness to reduce the chance of stroke low blood pressure and less chance of CHD
Society – less strain on the NHS, decreases obesity
Benefits of participating individual and society
Social
Individual – improve social skills, cooperation and teamwork, ability to make friends
Society – increases community and integration, morals
Benefits of participating individual and society
Crime
Individual – positive use of free time
Society – lowest crime statistics, lower antisocial behaviour
Benefits of participating individual and society
Employment
Individual – increases productivity, lowers absentee
Society – company benefits as less people are off, so more can be done
Benefits of participating individual and society
Economic
Individual – increase spending pursuing health
Society – more money in economy from leisure pursuits
Barriers and solutions
Lack of skill to play – choose activity that requires less skill
Lack of time – add exercise into daily routine
Lack of motivation – participate with friends/family
Lack of money – select activity that requires facilities
Lack of education – participate in extracurricular activities
Barriers and solutions
This disability
Negative self image
Lack of income
Lack of access
Lack of media coverage
Lack of coaching
Myths
Allow opportunity for success
Increase media coverage
increase investment
Increase quality of coaching
Increase education on myths
Barriers in solution
Ethnicity
Conflict with religion
Higher value in education
Fear racism/abuse
Stereotypes
Language barriers
Lack of role models
Train more ethnic coaches
Public size and punishment of racism
Ensure single sex programs program
Organise campaign
Barriers and solutions
Gender
Stereotypical myths
Lack media coverage
lack of sponsorship
Lack of self-confidence
Lack of disposable income
Enforce laws against sex discrimination
Encourage greater acceptance
Encourage shared domestic responsibilities
Increase media coverage
Increase sponsorship
Provide education to reject stereotypes
Prejudice
To form an unfavourable opinion on someone often based on inadequate facts
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person/minority group, to make a distinction/acting on prejudice
Stereotypes
Standardised image, making simple generalisation on all members of a group, allowing others to categorise and treat them accordingly
