Sport Psychology Flashcards
Definition or personality
An individual unique psychological make up- results in certain behaviours
Trait theory
-Born with image characteristics
-stay the same in different situations
Social learning approach
-learn from a significant other
-observe,identify,reinforce,copy
Interactionist approach
Combines both trait and social learning
-predicts behaviour in a specific situation
Concentric ring theory
The psychological core
‘Real you’
Private relatively permanent
Concentric ring theory
Typical response
Way we respond to the environment
Learned and stored experience
Concentric ring theory
Role- related behaviour
-determined by our perception of the environment
-can be changed at any time
Attitude definition
Value or belief towards something
That something is an attitude object
Triadic model
Cognitive- what you believe
Affective- what you feel
Behavioural- what you do
How are attitudes formed
Associating with others
Significant others
Conditioned by success
Two ways to change attitudes
-persuasive communication
-cognitive dissonance
Persuasive communication
Effective communication to promote change
Communication needs to be relevant and important
Cognitive dissonance
New information given to cause unease and motivate change
Challenging one or more components
Cognitive component
Updating knowledge
Providing new info
Providing info about skills
Affective component
Providing new and positive experiences
Giving praise
Behavioural component
Simplify the skill
Give guidance
Applying reinforcement and punishment
Motivation and goal setting
Motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Tangible rewards
Increase motivation
Offer rewards
Make activities fun
Point at health benefits
What is goal setting
Strategy used to set targets to keep players
Benefits of goal setting
Increase motivation, confidence and effort
Types of goals
Outcome goals- result
Task-oriented- improve technique
Performance goals- better their own performance
What is arrousal
A level of activation, degree of readiness to perform, a drive to achieve- present when playing sport
What is drive theory
As arrousal goes up so does performance,
What is inverted u theory
External factors have an affect on performance, introverts need less arousal to increase there performance, fine and complex skills also require low
Catastrophe theory
Increased arousal increases performance, until an extreme decline, performer can either decrease or increase arousal to change performanc
What is somatic arousal
Physiological:
Increase heart rate
Increased breathing rate
Sweating
What is cognitive arousal
Mind:
Increased focus
Narrowing of attention
Decrease reaction time
What is the zone of optimal functioning
Area that is controlled for arousal that allows high level performance, coaches should guide the performer towards there ‘optimal threshold’
Characteristics of someone who is in zone of optimal functioning
- in control. -focused
-effortless. -brings enjoyment
How does an athlete enter the zone of optimal functioning
When arousal is at an optimum level and the situation matches the athletes strongest attentional style
What is peak flow experience
Performer reports to be so focused on task that they are oblivious to anything else
Characteristics of peak flow experience
-Ultimate extrinsic experience
-Positive mental attitude
-total focus on task
-ultimate positive effect
What is stress and anxiety
State of nervousness and worry, negative response to a threatening sporting situation
What is competitive trait anxiety
Disposition to suffer from nervousness in most sporting situations
-feeling nervous before most games could be genetic
What is competitive state anxiety
A nervous response to specific sporting situation
-temp key and is a response E.g. penalty
How do competitive trait and state anxiety link
High trait anxiety is more likely to experience high state
What is cognitive anxiety
A psychological response such as worrying about losing
Irrational thinking that may occur during performance
What is somatic anxiety
A physiological response to a threat
- increased heart rate, sweating, muscular tension
Ways of measuring anxiety
-self report techniques
-observation
-physiological testing
Eval of self report questionnaire
Pro- quick, cheap, efficient, large numbers
Con- socially desirable response, mood dependant bias’ increased by time
Eval of physiological testing
Pro- factual, measured in training and games, immediate data
Con- training is often required, cost may deter, restrict movement, additional stress
