Sport Psychology

Question 1

Definition or personality

Answer 1

An individual unique psychological make up- results in certain behaviours

Question 2

Trait theory

Answer 2

-Born with image characteristics
-stay the same in different situations

Question 3

Social learning approach

Answer 3

-learn from a significant other
-observe,identify,reinforce,copy

Question 4

Interactionist approach

Answer 4

Combines both trait and social learning
-predicts behaviour in a specific situation

Question 5

Concentric ring theory
The psychological core

Answer 5

‘Real you’
Private relatively permanent

Question 6

Concentric ring theory
Typical response

Answer 6

Way we respond to the environment
Learned and stored experience

Question 7

Concentric ring theory
Role- related behaviour

Answer 7

-determined by our perception of the environment
-can be changed at any time

Question 8

Attitude definition

Answer 8

Value or belief towards something
That something is an attitude object

Question 9

Triadic model

Answer 9

Cognitive- what you believe
Affective- what you feel
Behavioural- what you do

Question 10

How are attitudes formed

Answer 10

Associating with others
Significant others
Conditioned by success

Question 11

Two ways to change attitudes

Answer 11

-persuasive communication
-cognitive dissonance

Question 12

Persuasive communication

Answer 12

Effective communication to promote change
Communication needs to be relevant and important

Question 13

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

New information given to cause unease and motivate change
Challenging one or more components

Question 14

Cognitive component

Answer 14

Updating knowledge
Providing new info
Providing info about skills

Question 15

Affective component

Answer 15

Providing new and positive experiences
Giving praise

Question 16

Behavioural component

Answer 16

Simplify the skill
Give guidance
Applying reinforcement and punishment

Question 17

Motivation and goal setting

Answer 17

Motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Tangible rewards

Question 18

Increase motivation

Answer 18

Offer rewards
Make activities fun
Point at health benefits

Question 19

What is goal setting

Answer 19

Strategy used to set targets to keep players

Question 20

Benefits of goal setting

Answer 20

Increase motivation, confidence and effort

Question 21

Types of goals

Answer 21

Outcome goals- result
Task-oriented- improve technique
Performance goals- better their own performance

Question 22

What is arrousal

Answer 22

A level of activation, degree of readiness to perform, a drive to achieve- present when playing sport

Question 23

What is drive theory

Answer 23

As arrousal goes up so does performance,

Question 24

What is inverted u theory

Answer 24

External factors have an affect on performance, introverts need less arousal to increase there performance, fine and complex skills also require low

Question 25

Catastrophe theory

Answer 25

Increased arousal increases performance, until an extreme decline, performer can either decrease or increase arousal to change performanc

Question 26

What is somatic arousal

Answer 26

Physiological: Increase heart rate Increased breathing rate Sweating

Question 27

What is cognitive arousal

Answer 27

Mind: Increased focus Narrowing of attention Decrease reaction time

Question 28

What is the zone of optimal functioning

Answer 28

Area that is controlled for arousal that allows high level performance, coaches should guide the performer towards there ‘optimal threshold’

Question 29

Characteristics of someone who is in zone of optimal functioning

Answer 29

- in control. -focused -effortless. -brings enjoyment

Question 30

How does an athlete enter the zone of optimal functioning

Answer 30

When arousal is at an optimum level and the situation matches the athletes strongest attentional style

Question 31

What is peak flow experience

Answer 31

Performer reports to be so focused on task that they are oblivious to anything else

Question 32

Characteristics of peak flow experience

Answer 32

-Ultimate extrinsic experience -Positive mental attitude -total focus on task -ultimate positive effect

Question 33

What is stress and anxiety

Answer 33

State of nervousness and worry, negative response to a threatening sporting situation

Question 34

What is competitive trait anxiety

Answer 34

Disposition to suffer from nervousness in most sporting situations -feeling nervous before most games could be genetic

Question 35

What is competitive state anxiety

Answer 35

A nervous response to specific sporting situation -temp key and is a response E.g. penalty

Question 36

How do competitive trait and state anxiety link

Answer 36

High trait anxiety is more likely to experience high state

Question 37

What is cognitive anxiety

Answer 37

A psychological response such as worrying about losing Irrational thinking that may occur during performance

Question 38

What is somatic anxiety

Answer 38

A physiological response to a threat - increased heart rate, sweating, muscular tension

Question 39

Ways of measuring anxiety

Answer 39

-self report techniques -observation -physiological testing

Question 40

Eval of self report questionnaire

Answer 40

Pro- quick, cheap, efficient, large numbers Con- socially desirable response, mood dependant bias’ increased by time

Question 41

Eval of physiological testing

Answer 41

Pro- factual, measured in training and games, immediate data Con- training is often required, cost may deter, restrict movement, additional stress