Energy Systems Flashcards
What is atp
Adenosine triphosphate
How is energy extracted from atp
Atpase breaks down atp into adp p1 and energy
What are the 3 chemical reactions which re-synthesise atp
Aerobic
Atp-pc system
Anaerobic glycolic system
What are the 3 stages of the aerobic system
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Benefits of the aerobic system
Can also breakdown fats + proteins
No fatiguing by-products
Lot’s of glycogen store- can exercise for a long time
Negatives of the aerobic system
Breaking down fatty acids takes 15% more oxygen
Cannot be used straight away
What happens in glycolysis
-anerobic, in sarcoplasm
-breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid to create 2 atp molecules
Krebs cycle
PT.1
Acetyal a combined with ocalacetic acid- citric acid formed- hydrogen removed-citric acid undergoes oxidative carboxylation.
Krebs cycle
Pt2
Carbon forms co2 is breathed out- hydrogen sent to electron transport chain
Electron transport
Hydrogen
Forms hydrogen ions and electrons
Hydrogen oxidised to form water
Electrons create energy-re-synthesise
Where does ETC occur in the mitochondria
Cristea
How many molecules of atp does each process of the aerobic system make
Glycolysis- 2
Krebs- 2
ETC- 34
What does the atp-pc system do
-immediate anaerobic system
-uses phosocreatine as fuel
-used when body can’t break down oxygen quick enough
What is phospho-creatine
-energy rich compound
-in sarcoplasm
-used when a quick burst of energy is needed
What enzyme is involved it the breakdown of phospho-creating
Phospho-creative is broken down into phosphate+creating+energy by creating kinase
What is the energy used for in the atp-pc system
Used to convert adp back into atp
In a coupled reaction
^energy required by one reaction is supplied by another
Advantages of the atp-pc system
Can be re-synthesised quickly- 30’s for 50% and 3min for 100%
No fatiguing by-products
Disadvantages of the atp-pc system
Limited supply of pc in the muscles- 8 seconds
Only 1 atp molecule is resynthesised for every one molecule of pc
Anerobic glycocytic system
Used for high intensity- up to 4 mins
- produces lactic acid
Produces 4 atp but uses 2 to carry out the process
What happens in the anearobic glucocorticoid system
Advantages of anaerobic system
Synthesised quickly due to few chemical reactions.
Lasts longer than atp-pc
Used for sprint finsih
Disadvantages of anaerobic system
Small amount of energy released
Lactic acid by product- body denatures enzymes.
