Sport Injuries Flashcards
Physical load
Forces acting on tissues (5)
Tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion
These all cause deformation
Elasticity
Capability of a tissue to return to its original shape when load is removed
Contusion
Soft tissue injury. Known as a bruise
4 tissue types
- Epithelial (skin)
- Muscle
- Connective (tendon, bone, ligament)
- Nervous
Strain vs. Sprain
Strain= muscle or tendon tissue is stretched or torn
Sprain= ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn
Grades of strains and sprains
- A few muscles fibres/ligaments have been slightly stretched or torn
- More muscle fibres/ligaments have been stretched or torn
- Muscle/ligament is completely torn.
*complete tear= ability to feel pain is completely lost in those structures
3 Healing phases
- Inflammatory response (2-4 days)
- Fibroplastic repair (hours-6 weeks)
- Maturation/remodelling (3 weeks-years)
- Inflammatory phase
Happens at time of injury, sets stage for tissue repair. Swelling, redness, pain, high temp. Etc
Follow PRICE
(Protect, rest, ice, compress, elevate)
- Fibroplastic repair
Repair and scar formation. Granulation tissue fills gaps, collagen fibres and produced and deposited randomly throughout forming scar.
Rehab, manual massage, taping etc
- Maturation or remodelling
Process of realigning bone or scar tissue. More aggressive stretching and strengthening to organize the scar tissue along the lines of tensile stress
4 types of fractures
- Simple fracture
- Compound fracture
- Stress fracture
- Avulsion fracture
Simple fracture
Stays within the surrounding soft tissue
Compound fracture
Protrudes from the skin
Stress fracture
Results from repeated low-magnitude loads
Adulation fracture
A ligament or tendon pulls a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone
Overuse injuries
Result from repeated microtrauma to tissues and non-sufficient recovery. Results from poor technique, equipments, too much training
Tendinitis
Tendon becomes inflamed initially, then weakened and degenerative. Caused by excessive repetitive motions or “microtrauma”
Pain, stiffness, aggravated by movement
Concussions
Injury to the brain from violent shaking, bouncing the brain off the sides of the skull. Loss of memory, vision, coordination, balance, reflexes, speech
Blood doping
Artificially increasing red blood cell mass
Blood transfusion
Autologous: transfer of ones own blood, drawn and stores for future use
Homologous: use of someone else’s blood, of the same type
EPO injections
Hormone produced by kidneys, which regulates the production of red blood cells. Injections simulates the production.
Synthetic oxygen carrier injections
These are chemicals that can carry oxygen. Used when human blood is not available
