Sport Injuries

Question 1

Physical load

Forces acting on tissues (5)

Answer 1

Tension, compression, bending, shear, torsion

These all cause deformation

Question 2

Elasticity

Answer 2

Capability of a tissue to return to its original shape when load is removed

Question 3

Contusion

Answer 3

Soft tissue injury. Known as a bruise

Question 4

4 tissue types

Answer 4

1. Epithelial (skin)
2. Muscle
3. Connective (tendon, bone, ligament)
4. Nervous

Question 5

Strain vs. Sprain

Answer 5

Strain= muscle or tendon tissue is stretched or torn

Sprain= ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn

Question 6

Grades of strains and sprains

Answer 6

1. A few muscles fibres/ligaments have been slightly stretched or torn
2. More muscle fibres/ligaments have been stretched or torn
3. Muscle/ligament is completely torn.

*complete tear= ability to feel pain is completely lost in those structures

Question 7

3 Healing phases

Answer 7

1. Inflammatory response (2-4 days)
2. Fibroplastic repair (hours-6 weeks)
3. Maturation/remodelling (3 weeks-years)

Question 8

1. Inflammatory phase

Answer 8

Happens at time of injury, sets stage for tissue repair. Swelling, redness, pain, high temp. Etc

Follow PRICE
(Protect, rest, ice, compress, elevate)

Question 9

2. Fibroplastic repair

Answer 9

Repair and scar formation. Granulation tissue fills gaps, collagen fibres and produced and deposited randomly throughout forming scar.
Rehab, manual massage, taping etc

Question 10

3. Maturation or remodelling

Answer 10

Process of realigning bone or scar tissue. More aggressive stretching and strengthening to organize the scar tissue along the lines of tensile stress

Question 11

4 types of fractures

Answer 11

1. Simple fracture
2. Compound fracture
3. Stress fracture
4. Avulsion fracture

Question 12

Simple fracture

Answer 12

Stays within the surrounding soft tissue

Question 13

Compound fracture

Answer 13

Protrudes from the skin

Question 14

Stress fracture

Answer 14

Results from repeated low-magnitude loads

Question 15

Adulation fracture

Answer 15

A ligament or tendon pulls a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone

Question 16

Overuse injuries

Answer 16

Result from repeated microtrauma to tissues and non-sufficient recovery. Results from poor technique, equipments, too much training

Question 17

Tendinitis

Answer 17

Tendon becomes inflamed initially, then weakened and degenerative. Caused by excessive repetitive motions or “microtrauma”

Pain, stiffness, aggravated by movement

Question 18

Concussions

Answer 18

Injury to the brain from violent shaking, bouncing the brain off the sides of the skull. Loss of memory, vision, coordination, balance, reflexes, speech

Question 19

Blood doping

Answer 19

Artificially increasing red blood cell mass

Question 20

Blood transfusion

Answer 20

Autologous: transfer of ones own blood, drawn and stores for future use

Homologous: use of someone else’s blood, of the same type

Question 21

EPO injections

Answer 21

Hormone produced by kidneys, which regulates the production of red blood cells. Injections simulates the production.

Question 22

Synthetic oxygen carrier injections

Answer 22

These are chemicals that can carry oxygen. Used when human blood is not available