Chapter 12/13

Question 1

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 1

The minimum amount of energy the body requires to carry on all vital functions (blood circulation, breathing, brain activity)

Question 2

About BMR

Answer 2

• most calories are used for it
• Body composition, physical fitness, sex, sleep, pregnancy, body temp all affect BMR.
• muscular bodies&fit people higher BMR, men 5% higher, 10% lower while sleeping, 1 degree body temp increase= 7% BMR increase

Question 3

Body composition

Answer 3

Size, structure, composition.
Size= volume, mass, length, surface area of body
Structure= how skeleton, muscle, fat is arranged throughout body
BC= lean body mass vs. total body fat

Question 4

Lean body mass

Answer 4

Non- fat and fat-free components of body (skeletal muscle, bone, water) calculated by:
LBM=TBM - TBF

Question 5

Storage fat vs. Essential fat

Answer 5

storage= fat that accumulates as fat cells. Serves as an energy reserve, and protects internal organs by cushioning them (average= 12%M 15%F)
Essential= required for normal functioning. Present in bone marrow, heart, lungs, liver, intestines etc... (average= 3%M 12%F)

Question 6

Measuring body fat

Answer 6

Skin fold calipers

Question 7

BMI advantages and disadvantages

Answer 7

Pros: easy, cheap, fast

Cons: a muscular person
could be considered overweight. Not good for athletes

Question 8

Female athlete triad (FAT)

Answer 8

A deadly combination of eating disorders, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.
Amenorrhea= occurrence or irregular or absent periods
Osteoporosis= bones become weak and brittle not reversible

Question 9

Energy balance equation

Answer 9

Calories consumed and calories burned.
Bulk= greater consumed
Lose weight= more burned
Stay same= equal balance

Question 10

Drugs, addiction, habituation

Answer 10

Drugs= substances used as medication or in the preparation of medication
Addiction= compulsive need for use of a drug
Habituation= tolerance to effects of a drug acquired through continued use

Question 11

Caffeine

Answer 11

Coffee beans, chocolate, energy drinks…
It is a stimulant of the central nervous system. Commonly used drugs to increase alertness and fat burning drying endurance exercises.

Question 12

Creatine

Answer 12

Natural compound created from 3 amino acids (chicken, fish, produced by liver & kidneys). Used during explosive, powerful movements ex. Jumping, sprinting

Question 13

Artificial Creatine

Answer 13

• significantly increase lean muscle mass in 2 weeks
• improves performance in high intensity exercises
• speeds up recovery rates
  Side effects= dehydration, diarrhea, cramps, muscle/ligament tears

Question 14

Performance enchanting drugs

Answer 14

• steroids (testosterone)
• blood doping (increasing number red blood cells)
• erythropoietin or EPO (type of blood doping)
• ephedra= extract from Chinese plant (stimulants cardiovascular and CNS, found in weight loss, energy boosting and bodybuilding products)