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A Level Sport > Sport and Society/Technology (Paper 2) > Flashcards

Sport and Society/Technology (Paper 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four parts of the Sports Development Continuum Triangle?

A

Elite > National standard public recognition
Performance > Coaching and development done at club and regional level
Participation > Increasing leisure options promoted via extra curricular sport
Foundation > Learning basic skills within PE lessons

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2
Q

What is physical recreation?

A

Doing a range of physical activities, well within the capacity of those participating

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of physical recreation?

A

Rules
Officials
Reason for taking part i.e awards

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4
Q

What are the benefits of physical recreation?

A 
Enjoyable
Relax and recover
Social contact
Improve self esteem
Health values
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5
Q

What is sport?

A

A competitive activity that involves physical exertion and the use of complex skills where participation is motivated by extrinsic rewards and intrinsic satisfaction

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of sport?

A 
Competitive
Rules
Rewards
Coaching 
Amateur and professional
Structured via NGB's
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7
Q

Name factors affecting sport at school.

A 
Time availability
Funding
Equipment/facilities
Staff availability 
National curriculum
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8
Q

What is physical education and school sport?

A

The formal education process of acquiring knowledge and values through physical education

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9
Q

Name characteristics of PE and school sport

A

Institutionalised
Compulsory
Taught by qualified teachers
Consists of 4 key stages

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10
Q

What are the benefits of physical education?

A 
Establish fitness
Develop skill and technique
Competitive experience
Enjoyable
Develop social skills
Develop leadership skills
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11
Q

What is outdoor education?

A

Formal education process of acquiring knowledge and values via outdoor experience

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12
Q

What are the benefits of outdoor education?

A

Provides unexpected physical challenges
Develop problem solving skills
Appreciate the environment
Expands boundaries of health via being outside

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13
Q

What are the personal factors of Talent ID?

A 
Motivated
Committed
High level of skill
Physical prowess
Self confidence
High tolerance for pain
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14
Q

What do UK Sport do?(SPEND)

A 
Sport Science
People Development
Equality
New technology
Distribute money to sport
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15
Q

What do National Institutes of Sport do? (SPORT)

A 
Sport science
Performance lifestyle programmes
Organisation links
Research and innovation 
Top quality coaches and facilities
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16
Q

What do NGB’s do?

A 
Organise competitions
Select national teams
Regulate sport rules
Provide and access funding
Punishments distributed
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17
Q

What is a world class performance programme?

A 
Created to increase more medallists and international competition
Podium level > World class athletes for the next Olympics
Potential > 8 years away from medals
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18
Q

What are the five main areas of performance pathway programmes?

A

Pathway Frontline Technical Solutions: Develop a talent ID programme
Pathway Education: Educational opportunities for coaches
Pathway Analytics: Using data analysis to check that the programme is effective
Pathway Performance Health Check: Checks that sport systems are current and correct
Pathway Strategy: Clear progress from Potential to Podium

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19
Q

What are the advantages of Talent ID programmes?

A

Coordinated approach between organisations
Performers directed to their suited sport
Chances of improving medallists
Access to professional coaches
Access to funding

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20
Q

What are the disadvantages of Talent ID Programmes?

A

May miss late developers
Require high levels of funding
No guarantees of success
Many sports competing for the same person

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21
Q

What makes a successful talent ID programme?

A 
Testing facilities
Analysis of performer
Links between different organisations
Equal opportunities
National development squads
Talent spotting via top quality coaches
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22
Q

What is the Gold Event Series?

A

Enforced to host world class events in the UK.
To support high performance success
Create high profile opportunities
Positive social impacts for the UK i.e boosts economy

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23
Q

Define the term amateurism.

A

Participation in sport out of enjoyment for playing and not for financial gain

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24
Q

Define sportsmanship.

A

Playing by written rules to a high moral standard

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25
Q

Define gamesmanship.

A

Trying to bend the rules to one’s advantage

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26
Q

Define deviancy.

A

Behaviour which goes against societal norms and values. Positive and negative.

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27
Q

Give an example of positive deviancy

A

Continuing to play despite being injured

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28
Q

What are the causes of performer violence?(Clue: WINNER)

A 
Win ethic 
Importance of event
Nature of the sport
NGB's too lenient with punishments
Refereeing decisions leading to frustration
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29
Q

What are the solutions to performer violence?

A

Support referees with video replays
Extrinsic reward for good behaviour
Enforce harsh punishments
Respect campaigns

30
Q

What are the causes for spectator violence?

A 
Emotional intensity
Alcohol consumption
Poor policing
Lack of punishments
Religious views
31
Q

What are the solutions for spectator violence?

A 
Alcohol bans
Effective punishments
Video assistance i.e CCTV
Seated stadiums
Change kick off times
32
Q

What are the social reasons for drug use?

A 
'Win at all costs'
High levels of extrinsic rewards
High pressure to win
Lack of deterrents
Poor role models setting bad examples
33
Q

Why do performers take anabolic steroids?

A

Promote muscle growth
Increase strength and power
Train for longer at higher intensity
Power athletes and sprinters

34
Q

What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?

A

Liver damage
Heart and immune system damage
Acne
Behaviour changes i.e aggression

35
Q

Why do performers take beta blockers?

A 
Improve accuracy by steadying nerves
Decreases anxiety
Reduces HR
Counteracts adrenaline
Golf, archery, shooting
36
Q

What are the side effects to beta blockers?

A

Fatigue

Slower HR affecting aerobic capacity

37
Q

Why do performers take EPO?

A 
Stimulates RBC production
Increase in oxygen capacity
Increase endurance
Reduce fatigue
Endurance events like cycling and running
38
Q

What are the side effects of EPO?

A

Death
Blood clotting
Stroke

39
Q

What are the reasons FOR taking drugs?

A

Hard to define what a drug is
Drugs taken accidentally
Levels the playing field
Detection isn’t always effective

40
Q

What are the reasons AGAINST taking drugs?

A 
Dangerous side effects
Poorer countries can't access drugs
Creates negative role models
Cheating
Peer pressure to take drugs
41
Q

What is WADA?

A

World Anti Doping Agency

42
Q

What is UKAD?

A

UK Anti Doping

43
Q

What is the “Whereabouts system”?

A

Random checks by drug testers, so athletes need to inform WADA where they are at all times during the year.

44
Q

What are the strategies to eliminate PED’s in sport?

A 
Investment in new technology
Organisations working together
Harsher punishments
Name and shame
Loss of funding/sponsorship deals
45
Q

How does the performer use law within sport?

A 
Spectators attacking players
Opponents being too violent
Contractual issues
Child protection law
Equality of opportunities
Refereeing negligence
46
Q

How does the official use law within sport?

A

Duty of care

Negligence

47
Q

How does the coach use law within sport?

A 
Duty of care
In loco parentis
Collect medical information
Suitably trained i.e DBS
First Aid trained
Risk assessments
48
Q

How is law linked to the spectator within sport?

A

All seated stadiums
Game times changed
Trespassing laws
Prosecution of racism

49
Q

What is Bosman Ruling?

A

A ruling by the EU court of justice which gives footballers a right to free transfer at the end of their contract

50
Q

What is restraint of trade?

A

Interferes with free competition in the market

51
Q

What is the Court of Arbitration?

A

Able to suspend athletes

Work with athletes to settle contract disputes or any disciplinary imposes

52
Q

What is the Football Offences Act (1991)?

A

An Act to make further provision for disorderly conduct and hooliganism within football

53
Q

What is the Taylor’s Report?

A

Issued after the Hillsborough incident

54
Q

Positives of commercialisation on the performer.

A

Role model
Increased wages
Train full time
Access to more events and competitions

55
Q

Negatives of commercialisation on the performer.

A

Increased pressure to win
Increased deviancy
Over reliance on the sponsor

56
Q

Positives of commercialisation on the spectator.

A

Better stadiums
Better standard of play
Improved analysis and information

57
Q

Negatives of commercialisation on the spectator.

A

Adverts
Start times changed
Loss of traditional sport
Sponsors get a lot of tickets

58
Q

Positives of commercialisation on sport.

A

Role models
Improved performance
Improved analysis and information

59
Q

Negatives of commercialisation on sport.

A

Oversaturation
Play to view
Lower attendance at televised events
Oversensationalisation on negative events

60
Q

Positives of commercialisation on the coach.

A

Higher profile
Increased wages
More funding for facilities and squads
Improved analysis of performance

61
Q

Negatives of commercialisation on the coach.

A

Hire and fire
Own tactics scrutinised
Media pressure
Greater pressure to succeed

62
Q

Define subjective data.

A

Based on personal opinions

63
Q

Define objective data.

A

Independent of the observer. Measured via a stop watch, measuring tape etc

64
Q

Define reliability.

A

The degree to which data collection is consistent and stable

65
Q

Define validity.

A

Ability to test what is meant to be measured

66
Q

Define quantitative.

A

Numerical data

67
Q

Define qualitative.

A

Non - numerical data.

68
Q

Positive impacts of technology on sport

A 
Sport science support
Sport medicine for rehab
Improved equipment
Playbacks
Accurate decisions
Video analysis
Improved standard of performance
69
Q

Negative impact of technology on sport

A 
Time consuming
Negative viewing experience
Not accessible to poorer countries
Not always accurate
Officials can become over reliant
Drug testing struggles to keep up with technology
70
Q

Name types of technology within sport:

A

VAR - Video Analysis
GPS - Global positioning system
Hawk Eye

A Level Sport (7 decks)

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