Sport and society 2 Flashcards
State the characteristics of physical recreation [4]
- active aspect of leisure
- voluntary
- emphasis on taking part
- emphasis on fun and enjoyment
- flexible timing
- self-officiated
What are the benefits of physical recreation for the individual and society? [6]
self confidence less stress improves skills social skills enjoyment
improved health means less strain on NHS
social integration
employment
provides a pathway to the elite
State some characteristics of sport [5]
structured set rules specialised equipment officiated competitive commitment high skill level
Give an example of physical recreation [1]
dog walking
jogging
etc.
What are the benefits of sport for both the individual and society [4]
self confidence
feel good factor
socialise
promote positive morals
reduces strain on the NHS community cohesion lowers crime social integration employment
What is physical education? [2]
Compulsory sport in schools run by teachers for children aged 5-16.
It happens in school hours and has 4 key stages
What are the aims of physical education [5]
improve mental and physical health social skills self-esteem encourage life long participation problem solving self analysis leadership
What are the aims of Outdoor and Adventurous Activity? [4]
teamwork communication leadership self esteem environmental knowledge safety
What is meant by perceived risk? [1]
stimulates the sense of danger whilst in a safe environment
What are the problems with Outdoor Adventurous Activity? [3]
Time Money Location qualified and motivated staff health and safety
What is meant by the term elite? [1]
best and highest performers
What is Talent ID? [2]
the multi-disciplinary screening of athletes
to identify those with the potential to reach world class level
What are personal qualities? [1]
the attributes and personal characteristics of an individual person
What are the personal qualities that are required by an elite performer [5]
committed motivated determined high pain tolerance physically/naturally talented communication patience willing to make sacrifices self-confidence physical fitness focus
How does Talent ID lead to elite performers? [2]
identifies individuals with potential
provides a pathway up to that point
What socio-cultural factors are required in elite performers? [5]
support from family and friends financial resources socio-economic status equal opportunities structured levels of competition media coverage role models
What is meant by sports equity. [2]
fairness in sport for all
the steps taken to address inequalities
Explain a socio-cultural factor required for the progression to reach elite level. [3]
support from family and friends financial resources socio-economic status equal opportunities structured levels of competition media coverage role models
and 1 mark for explanation
Why is media coverage important for getting individuals to the elite level [2]
provides role models for viewers to aspire to
viewers participate with an aim
What is an individuals socio-economic status determined by? [1]
income
home location
education
Identify 5 ways in which NGBs have created elite performers. [5]
- promote participation fairly
- regional scouts and talent ID
- decide where funding goes (coaches etc.)
- policies in place to target unrepresented groups
- develop competitions and and progressive levels
- invest in resources to reach inner city areas
- provide coaching courses
How have National Institutes of sport led to elite performers? [5]
- support performer development
- provide services (training etc.)
- provide top quality facilities
- sport science to improve and monitor training programmes
- provide medical practices
- personalised support (minimise conflicts/concerns)
- work with NGBs and UK sport to allow transition from junior to elite
- research and innovation to provide best equipment etc.
Give an example of a national institute of sport. [1]
English institute of sport
How have UK sport helped to develop elite performers. [5]
- provide funding foe NGBs
- fund athletes for living and sporting costs
- develop world class coaches
- provide Talent ID programmes
- promote positive sporting conduct
- manage international sporting relationships
- mentor support p[potential Olympians/Paralympians
What support services does the English Institute of Sport provide? [6]
frontline technical solutions
-identify talent in specific sports
education
opportunities for coaches
analytics
meaningful measurements on effectiveness of existing pathways
Health checks
diagnosis
review long term vision
review of current practices
strategy
clear progressive pathway
Define Amateurism. [2]
participation in sport for the love of it
there is no financial gain
What is meant by the olympic oath? [4]
- a promise
- made by athlete that represent all athletes
- a judge representing all officials
- made at olympic opening ceremony
- states they will adhere to the rules
- and the spirit and sportsmanship of the games
Discuss whether the olympic oath is still relevant in the modern day olympics. [4]
- may still think sportsmanship and fair play is important
- cheating is frowned upon
- some athletes take PEDs
- win ethic
What is meant by the win ethic? [2]
win at all costs
may lead to cheating in order to win
What factors may develop a win ethic? [3]
draws not allowed in games
managers are fired is unsuccessful
deviance
media provide praise for wins/ negativity for losers
What is meant by sportsmanship? [1]
conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport
Give an example of sportsmanship. [1]
shaking hands
kicking the ball out for an injury
etc.
Identify ways in which sportsmanship can be encouraged [4]
- NGB campaigns
- fair play awards
- citing using technology
- new rules
- punish foul play
- promote positive role models
- drug testing
Define gamesmanship. [1]
bending the rules as to achieve a desired result
Give 3 examples of gamesmanship. [3]
time wasting simulation verbal sledging appealing a decision etc.
What is positive deviance? [1]
outside norms of society with no intent to break rules, over conforming
Give an example of positive deviance. [1]
overtraining
training with an injury
etc.
What is negative deviance? [1]
goes against the norms of society and has a detrimental effect on both the individual and society
Give an example of negative deviance. [1]
taking illegal PEDs
deliberate fouls
bribes/match fixing
diving/simulation
Define deviance [1]
Behaviour that falls outside the norms or outside what is deemed to be acceptable
Define violence. [1]
physical acts with the intent to harm others
What factors may cause performer violence [5]
- emotional intensity
- importance of the result
- hype and build up from media
- frustration
- provocation from the fans
- win ethic
- nature of the sport
- NGBs to lenient with punishments
How can we prevent performer violence? [4]
- more officials to reach decision
- video technology VAR,TMO
- tougher sanctions
- NGBs support officials decisions
- promote positive roles models
- campaigns
What are the causes of spectator violence? [5]
- ritual importance (derby)
- excessive alcohol
- pre-match media
- poor-policing/stewards
- lack of effective deterrents/punishments
- frustration
Identify solutions to spectator violence [5]
- ban or control alcohol sales
- improve policing
- tougher deterrents
- CCTV use
- encourage responsible media
- KO at times when police decide
- specific laws
Identify the effect of spectator violence [4]
- decline in spectators
- negative image of sport
- supports banned (closed doors)
- increased policing costs
- stereotypes
Identify why athletes might choose to take illegal PEDs. [5]
- win ethic
- fame and success
- pressure from fans and media
- lack of deterrents
- poor role models
- increase aggression /decrease nerves
State reasons for athletes taking illegal PEDs [4]
- testing is expensive and time consuming
- detection isn’t always accurate
- difficult to define drug (illegal vs legal)
- personal choice
- if everyone takes drugs then it is a level playing field
State reasons against athletes taking PEDs. [4]
- drugs increase health risks/dangerous effects
- role models influence young
- negative view of sports
- success should be about hard work and ability
- cheating
Discuss if should PEDs should be banned [6]
- testing is expensive and time consuming
- detection isn’t always accurate
- difficult to define drug (illegal vs legal)
- personal choice
- if everyone takes drugs then it is a level playing field
- drugs increase health risks/dangerous effects
- role models influence young
- negative view of sports
- success should be about hard work and ability
- cheating
Explain why a weightlifter may choose to take anabolic steroids. [3]
- aids storage of preotein
- promotes muscle growth
- less fat in muscles
- increases strength and power
- lift more weight
What are the potential side effects of Anabolic steroids ? [2]
liver damage
aggression
mood swings
Explain the effects of Beta Blockers. [5]
calming/ reduces anxiety reduces heart rate reduces trembling widens arteries lowers blood pressure
as it counteracts adrenaline
by stopping it from binding to receptors
less aerobic fitness
tiredenss
Explain why an endurance athlete may take EPO [4]
stimulates red blood cell production
increases oxygen carrying capacity
improves endurance
more training
run faster for longer
What are the risks of taking EPO [1]
blood clots
strokes
Why might the prevention of PEDs be difficult? [4]
- difficult to test athletes training abroad
- ongoing development of new drugs/masking agents
- drugs can be taken accident/athletes can claim innocence
- different countries and sports have different regulations
Identify ways of preventing the use of illegal PEDs. [4]
- education programmes- 100% me
- investment into drug detection technology
- punish guilty/ harsh punishments
- name and shame negative role models
Identify the uses of sport legislation surrounding performers [5]
career ending tackles
deliberate and outside of playing culture
civil claims (loss of earnings)
NGBs and prosecution
loss of earing- if can’t continue
Bosman ruling
sponsorship contract
What is meant by duty of care in terms of officials? [1]
-legal obligation on someone if they are in charge of a large group of people
Give an example in which an official may breach their duty of care [1]
- not calling a game off due to pitch conditions
- not taking steps to prevent injury
What is negligence [3]
conduct that falls below that of reasonable personal standard
leads to breaching of duty of care
resulting in unforeseeable harm
What is the Bosman ruling? [1]
a law that allows players to move freely at end of contract
Why is legislation in sport important? [3]
- maintain safety
- keep sport enjoyable
- stop crime
- sport for all
- fairness for those who participate
Define hooliganism [1]
violent or rowdy behaviour
State a law that affects spectators [1]
- cant invade playing surfaces
- chanting of racist comments
Identify situation in which coaches have a duty of care [8]
health and safety
first aid
emergency services access
protection from abuse
guidelines
emotional and physical
loco parentis role of parents supervise contract DNS risk assessments
supplements
education
nutrition advice
What is meant by duty of care in term of coaches? [3]
take measures that are reasonable
in the circumstances
to ensure that individuals will be safe to participate in teh activity
