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PE > Sport and society 2 > Flashcards

Sport and society 2 Flashcards

1
Q

State the characteristics of physical recreation [4]

A
  • active aspect of leisure
  • voluntary
  • emphasis on taking part
  • emphasis on fun and enjoyment
  • flexible timing
  • self-officiated
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2
Q

What are the benefits of physical recreation for the individual and society? [6]

A 
self confidence
less stress
improves skills
social skills
enjoyment

improved health means less strain on NHS
social integration
employment
provides a pathway to the elite

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3
Q

State some characteristics of sport [5]

A 
structured
set rules
specialised equipment
officiated
competitive
commitment 
high skill level
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4
Q

Give an example of physical recreation [1]

A

dog walking
jogging
etc.

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5
Q

What are the benefits of sport for both the individual and society [4]

A

self confidence
feel good factor
socialise
promote positive morals

reduces strain on the NHS
community cohesion
lowers crime 
social integration 
employment
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6
Q

What is physical education? [2]

A

Compulsory sport in schools run by teachers for children aged 5-16.

It happens in school hours and has 4 key stages

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7
Q

What are the aims of physical education [5]

A 
improve mental and physical health 
social skills
self-esteem
encourage life long participation 
problem solving 
self analysis
leadership
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8
Q

What are the aims of Outdoor and Adventurous Activity? [4]

A 
teamwork
communication 
leadership
self esteem 
environmental knowledge
safety
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9
Q

What is meant by perceived risk? [1]

A

stimulates the sense of danger whilst in a safe environment

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10
Q

What are the problems with Outdoor Adventurous Activity? [3]

A 
Time
Money
Location 
qualified and motivated staff
health and safety
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11
Q

What is meant by the term elite? [1]

A

best and highest performers

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12
Q

What is Talent ID? [2]

A

the multi-disciplinary screening of athletes

to identify those with the potential to reach world class level

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13
Q

What are personal qualities? [1]

A

the attributes and personal characteristics of an individual person

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14
Q

What are the personal qualities that are required by an elite performer [5]

A 
committed 
motivated
determined 
high pain tolerance 
physically/naturally talented 
communication
patience
willing to make sacrifices
self-confidence
physical fitness
focus
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15
Q

How does Talent ID lead to elite performers? [2]

A

identifies individuals with potential

provides a pathway up to that point

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16
Q

What socio-cultural factors are required in elite performers? [5]

A 
support from family and friends 
financial resources
socio-economic status 
equal opportunities
structured levels of competition 
media coverage
role models
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17
Q

What is meant by sports equity. [2]

A

fairness in sport for all

the steps taken to address inequalities

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18
Q

Explain a socio-cultural factor required for the progression to reach elite level. [3]

A 
support from family and friends 
financial resources
socio-economic status 
equal opportunities
structured levels of competition 
media coverage
role models

and 1 mark for explanation

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19
Q

Why is media coverage important for getting individuals to the elite level [2]

A

provides role models for viewers to aspire to

viewers participate with an aim

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20
Q

What is an individuals socio-economic status determined by? [1]

A

income
home location
education

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21
Q

Identify 5 ways in which NGBs have created elite performers. [5]

A
  • promote participation fairly
  • regional scouts and talent ID
  • decide where funding goes (coaches etc.)
  • policies in place to target unrepresented groups
  • develop competitions and and progressive levels
  • invest in resources to reach inner city areas
  • provide coaching courses
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22
Q

How have National Institutes of sport led to elite performers? [5]

A
  • support performer development
  • provide services (training etc.)
  • provide top quality facilities
  • sport science to improve and monitor training programmes
  • provide medical practices
  • personalised support (minimise conflicts/concerns)
  • work with NGBs and UK sport to allow transition from junior to elite
  • research and innovation to provide best equipment etc.
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23
Q

Give an example of a national institute of sport. [1]

A

English institute of sport

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24
Q

How have UK sport helped to develop elite performers. [5]

A
  • provide funding foe NGBs
  • fund athletes for living and sporting costs
  • develop world class coaches
  • provide Talent ID programmes
  • promote positive sporting conduct
  • manage international sporting relationships
  • mentor support p[potential Olympians/Paralympians
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25
Q

What support services does the English Institute of Sport provide? [6]

A

frontline technical solutions
-identify talent in specific sports

education
opportunities for coaches

analytics
meaningful measurements on effectiveness of existing pathways

Health checks
diagnosis
review long term vision
review of current practices

strategy
clear progressive pathway

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26
Q

Define Amateurism. [2]

A

participation in sport for the love of it

there is no financial gain

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27
Q

What is meant by the olympic oath? [4]

A
  • a promise
  • made by athlete that represent all athletes
  • a judge representing all officials
  • made at olympic opening ceremony
  • states they will adhere to the rules
  • and the spirit and sportsmanship of the games
28
Q

Discuss whether the olympic oath is still relevant in the modern day olympics. [4]

A
  • may still think sportsmanship and fair play is important
  • cheating is frowned upon
  • some athletes take PEDs
  • win ethic
29
Q

What is meant by the win ethic? [2]

A

win at all costs

may lead to cheating in order to win

30
Q

What factors may develop a win ethic? [3]

A

draws not allowed in games
managers are fired is unsuccessful
deviance
media provide praise for wins/ negativity for losers

31
Q

What is meant by sportsmanship? [1]

A

conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport

32
Q

Give an example of sportsmanship. [1]

A

shaking hands
kicking the ball out for an injury
etc.

33
Q

Identify ways in which sportsmanship can be encouraged [4]

A
  • NGB campaigns
  • fair play awards
  • citing using technology
  • new rules
  • punish foul play
  • promote positive role models
  • drug testing
34
Q

Define gamesmanship. [1]

A

bending the rules as to achieve a desired result

35
Q

Give 3 examples of gamesmanship. [3]

A 
time wasting 
simulation 
verbal sledging
appealing a decision 
etc.
36
Q

What is positive deviance? [1]

A

outside norms of society with no intent to break rules, over conforming

37
Q

Give an example of positive deviance. [1]

A

overtraining
training with an injury
etc.

38
Q

What is negative deviance? [1]

A

goes against the norms of society and has a detrimental effect on both the individual and society

39
Q

Give an example of negative deviance. [1]

A

taking illegal PEDs
deliberate fouls
bribes/match fixing
diving/simulation

40
Q

Define deviance [1]

A

Behaviour that falls outside the norms or outside what is deemed to be acceptable

41
Q

Define violence. [1]

A

physical acts with the intent to harm others

42
Q

What factors may cause performer violence [5]

A
  • emotional intensity
  • importance of the result
  • hype and build up from media
  • frustration
  • provocation from the fans
  • win ethic
  • nature of the sport
  • NGBs to lenient with punishments
43
Q

How can we prevent performer violence? [4]

A
  • more officials to reach decision
  • video technology VAR,TMO
  • tougher sanctions
  • NGBs support officials decisions
  • promote positive roles models
  • campaigns
44
Q

What are the causes of spectator violence? [5]

A
  • ritual importance (derby)
  • excessive alcohol
  • pre-match media
  • poor-policing/stewards
  • lack of effective deterrents/punishments
  • frustration
45
Q

Identify solutions to spectator violence [5]

A
  • ban or control alcohol sales
  • improve policing
  • tougher deterrents
  • CCTV use
  • encourage responsible media
  • KO at times when police decide
  • specific laws
46
Q

Identify the effect of spectator violence [4]

A
  • decline in spectators
  • negative image of sport
  • supports banned (closed doors)
  • increased policing costs
  • stereotypes
47
Q

Identify why athletes might choose to take illegal PEDs. [5]

A
  • win ethic
  • fame and success
  • pressure from fans and media
  • lack of deterrents
  • poor role models
  • increase aggression /decrease nerves
48
Q

State reasons for athletes taking illegal PEDs [4]

A
  • testing is expensive and time consuming
  • detection isn’t always accurate
  • difficult to define drug (illegal vs legal)
  • personal choice
  • if everyone takes drugs then it is a level playing field
49
Q

State reasons against athletes taking PEDs. [4]

A
  • drugs increase health risks/dangerous effects
  • role models influence young
  • negative view of sports
  • success should be about hard work and ability
  • cheating
50
Q

Discuss if should PEDs should be banned [6]

A
  • testing is expensive and time consuming
  • detection isn’t always accurate
  • difficult to define drug (illegal vs legal)
  • personal choice
  • if everyone takes drugs then it is a level playing field
  • drugs increase health risks/dangerous effects
  • role models influence young
  • negative view of sports
  • success should be about hard work and ability
  • cheating
51
Q

Explain why a weightlifter may choose to take anabolic steroids. [3]

A
  • aids storage of preotein
  • promotes muscle growth
  • less fat in muscles
  • increases strength and power
  • lift more weight
52
Q

What are the potential side effects of Anabolic steroids ? [2]

A

liver damage
aggression
mood swings

53
Q

Explain the effects of Beta Blockers. [5]

A 
calming/ reduces anxiety 
reduces heart rate
reduces trembling 
widens arteries 
lowers blood pressure

as it counteracts adrenaline
by stopping it from binding to receptors

less aerobic fitness
tiredenss

54
Q

Explain why an endurance athlete may take EPO [4]

A

stimulates red blood cell production

increases oxygen carrying capacity

improves endurance
more training

run faster for longer

55
Q

What are the risks of taking EPO [1]

A

blood clots

strokes

56
Q

Why might the prevention of PEDs be difficult? [4]

A
  • difficult to test athletes training abroad
  • ongoing development of new drugs/masking agents
  • drugs can be taken accident/athletes can claim innocence
  • different countries and sports have different regulations
57
Q

Identify ways of preventing the use of illegal PEDs. [4]

A
  • education programmes- 100% me
  • investment into drug detection technology
  • punish guilty/ harsh punishments
  • name and shame negative role models
58
Q

Identify the uses of sport legislation surrounding performers [5]

A

career ending tackles
deliberate and outside of playing culture
civil claims (loss of earnings)
NGBs and prosecution

loss of earing- if can’t continue

Bosman ruling

sponsorship contract

59
Q

What is meant by duty of care in terms of officials? [1]

A

-legal obligation on someone if they are in charge of a large group of people

60
Q

Give an example in which an official may breach their duty of care [1]

A
  • not calling a game off due to pitch conditions

- not taking steps to prevent injury

61
Q

What is negligence [3]

A

conduct that falls below that of reasonable personal standard

leads to breaching of duty of care

resulting in unforeseeable harm

62
Q

What is the Bosman ruling? [1]

A

a law that allows players to move freely at end of contract

63
Q

Why is legislation in sport important? [3]

A
  • maintain safety
  • keep sport enjoyable
  • stop crime
  • sport for all
  • fairness for those who participate
64
Q

Define hooliganism [1]

A

violent or rowdy behaviour

65
Q

State a law that affects spectators [1]

A
  • cant invade playing surfaces

- chanting of racist comments

66
Q

Identify situation in which coaches have a duty of care [8]

A

health and safety
first aid
emergency services access

protection from abuse
guidelines
emotional and physical

loco parentis
role of parents 
supervise
contract DNS
risk assessments

supplements
education
nutrition advice

67
Q

What is meant by duty of care in term of coaches? [3]

A

take measures that are reasonable

in the circumstances

to ensure that individuals will be safe to participate in teh activity

PE (9 decks)

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