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SPEX 101 > Sport and Identity: Inclusion/Exclusion > Flashcards

Sport and Identity: Inclusion/Exclusion Flashcards

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1
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity

A

The dominate and culturally idealised form of masculinity

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2
Q

What year was homosexuality outlawed in NZ and then when the law was passed again and when same sex marriage was allowed

A

1840

1986

2013

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3
Q

$ spent on LGBTQ jobs in sport

A

$150 million

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4
Q

How did the All Blacks acknowledge diversity

A

tops when stretched showed a rainbow

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5
Q

Different Sexual Orientations

A

exists in every race, nation, and social class etc and occurs at different times and levels

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6
Q

% of people that have experienced homophobia in sport

A

78%

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7
Q

Reading: Men’s Netball (2)

A
  • designed to emphasise femininity
  • ‘there is something weird about seeing a bloke wearing bib’
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8
Q

What 5 thing make sport unique in relation to LGBTQIA

A
  • type of sport and sexuality
  • physical contact and viewing
  • naked bodies
  • traveling (sharing rooms)
  • relationships between players and coaches
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9
Q

Stat that highlights that sport isn’t a safe space for gay men

A

10 or less professional male athletes come out as gay during their career, women are more likely to come.

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10
Q

Reading: (The Most Level Playing Field) Kenya Running (3)

A
  • Intense and Concentrated competition and standards and numbers of elite athletes
  • genetics and environmental factors
  • modern training and lots of funding
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11
Q

Reading: Maori/Pacific Sport and Wellbeing (2)

A
  • maori songs, prayers and language
  • traditional games to promote fitness and wellbeing
  • Family and church
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12
Q

Race: Denial of Access

A

black denied to play sport
tiger woods is an example of this being banned from a gold course until 1997 and this gold course to this day only has 9 black members

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13
Q

Race: Stereotypes (4)

A
  • swimming, claims were made that they couldn’t swim due to the pores in their skin
  • can’t perform on a cold day
  • blacks being compared to machines and beasts/animals rather then other humans

even though there was no science behind this people still believed it

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14
Q

What did Julian Starkey say about diverse athletes and participation rates dropping off

A

when athletes start to become more specific at one event most blacks chose sprinting and hurdling (sport they are believed to be good at) the blacks are all good at running because they have to get away from the burglaries

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15
Q

Stacking

A

positional segregation based on social factors vs skill and performance

in other words this is when an athletes chose to participate in a sport they should be good at rather then what they are actually good at

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16
Q

Stacking in NFL

A

those in charge tend to be white QB
speed postions tend to be black people - running back

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17
Q

Blacks and their genetic edge

A

“Blacks have the genetic edge” these comments would now be considered racist as their is no link between genetics and race

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18
Q

Athletics records by ‘race’ (stats from the reading) % or people in the world that are black and % of top running times that are from African Origin

A
  • 1/8 people in the world are black but 70% of the top times held by runners are of African origin
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19
Q

% top times are from those with ancestry from West Africa

A

95

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20
Q

All 100m finalists in the 100m have been from 1984-2016 West African Decent. Based on there population numbers what are the chances of this happening

A

0.(34 0)1

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21
Q

USC Track Coach Brookes Johnson

A

“…. blacks that are superior in some areas and therefore inferior in other areas”

this refers to hegemony masculinity and stacking

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22
Q

Intersectionality

A

Understanding identity in the relation to different ‘vectors’ of oppression and how these influence the nature and degree of oppression.

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23
Q

Pigmentation and Race

A

do not equal each other

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24
Q

Race Limitations (3)

A
  • people confuse race with culture and biology
  • never been a study on comparing black and whites genetics and performance
  • only 10% of gene pool is different
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25
Q

% of Americans with Black and then White Ancestry

A

10%
75%

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26
Q

Pacific is Complex as has

A

22,000 islands and 1200 languages spoken

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27
Q

6 Things in the Pacific health views

A
  • culture
  • family
  • physical
  • spiritual
  • mental
  • other
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28
Q

How Pacific people think of sport (4)

A
  • anything counts, even playing with kids for example
  • keeps kids of the Street
  • bringing people together
  • good health and fitness
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29
Q

Pacific Athletes and their opportunities (2)

A
  • they see it as their ticket out for a better life
  • migration: moving elsewhere and becoming citizens to play there
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30
Q

Pacific Athletes Challenges (3)

A
  • more likely to play through pain as if they get injured they could lose money and stop providing for their family back home
  • being away from home
  • being called “natural athletes”
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31
Q

Stereotypes and Racial Representation

A

strong muscular body, aggressive.

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32
Q

Scalping Tickets

A

buying tickets then selling them for a higher price to desperate people

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33
Q

Native Indian Stereotypes (5)

A
  • savages: know for scalping
  • weak
  • spiritual
  • drunks
  • government dependent
34
Q

% of Native Indians that have been eliminated over the past 500 years

A

90%

35
Q

Washington Redskins and the Native Indians

A
  • Coach said they would never change but then got pressured by sponsors and NFL to do so
  • honouring them
  • didn’t intend to hurt them
36
Q

Florida State Seminoles

A

have retained their name and mascot as the tribe has allowed them to

37
Q

How many teams/school changed their names and how many haven’t

A

1000 have
1200 haven’t

38
Q

Origin and Evolution of Human Skin Pigmentation

A
  • UV is higher towards the equator where most human originally lived. Here the skin had lots of melatonin to protect us from the suns dangerous UVR so was black.
  • We then started migrating away from the equator where there is less UV so this caused the skin pigmentation to turn lighter due to only UVA and not UVB or VD, so in order to maximise VD light skin evolved
39
Q

Ka Mate Hake Invention

A

in 1820’s to celebrate fleeing his enemies
but he isn’t the best romodel as he did kill lots of members

40
Q

When and who performed the first sport haka

A

1888

and NZ Native Football team

41
Q

Commercialisation of the Haka

A

part of entertainment all over the world

42
Q

The Haka’s Rights

A

it is hard to know how to respect the haka as not one person owns it

  • AB’s have permission to use to
  • it is protected in NZ but not the whole world
43
Q

Texas Trinity College and the Haka

A

the haka is used in other countries as pre game rituals where is it represented as a war dance, think it belongs to samoa and think that everyone can do it

44
Q

The Haka Represents (4)

A

agression
war
violence
throat slitting

45
Q

18th Century Beliefs of Gender

A

only one gender - males
females were just lesser men
males with small penis’s at birth often resulted in them getting removed to change to female

46
Q

Number of names of ‘naughty’ female vs male

A

20 men names
220 female names

47
Q

Gender Cost

A

pink tax on female products

48
Q

Toys and Gender Experiment (4)

A

adults gave kids certain toys based of how they were dressed

this is just our dominant way of thinking

49
Q

Flow Rate

A

females take 3 times longer to wee then males

50
Q

Sport and Gender (4)

A

is historically a male space
highly visible and popular
last frontier of masculinity
a space where aggression is allowed

51
Q

2 Reasons why women may not participate in PA

A

time pressures
lack of confidence

52
Q

Countries with greater gender equality ……

A

win more olympic medals

53
Q

Girls who play sport ….. (4)

A
  • high confidence, self esteem and lower depression
  • positivity around body image
  • have better grads
  • accelerate their career
54
Q

1890s “the New Women” and the Bicycle (5)

A
  • played sport, wore skirt above the ankle, wanted a life beyond home
  • by riding a bike made them attract attention, allow men to stare and pass remarks she was public property
  • was a sexual image
  • allowed them to get away from home (associated with prostitutes)
55
Q

What a Harvard Professor and founder of the olympics said about women and sport (4)

A

impractical
uninteresting
unaesthetic
incorrect

56
Q

Womens Football Game in 1920 got how big of a crowed?

A

53,000 and 15,000 locked out

57
Q

Womens Football in 1921

A

got banned on medical grounds

58
Q

When was the Womens Football Banned till

A

1971

59
Q

Sport, Gender and Media

A

coverage by men, for men, about men

60
Q

1996 Atlanta Olympic Coverage

A

first global spectacle to consciously target a female audience. this was succesfull as views went up 25%

61
Q

Why is media coverage important

A

gives inspiration
breaks down stereotypes
increase participation

62
Q

Media Stats

A

4% is devoted to women
12% is present by women

63
Q

Toni Bruces 3 Patterns of Media Sport and Females

A
  1. older rules
  2. persistent rules
  3. current rules
64
Q

Older Rules

A

still exist but no as prevalent

eg. treating women like children

65
Q

% of how less active young females are to males

A

28%

66
Q

Persistent Rules

A

established and difficult to change despite extensive critique

eg. media coverage

67
Q

Current Rules

A

coverage of female and male athletes are similar

eg. women as serious athletes

68
Q

Alternative Masculinites

A

gay, disabled, black etc

69
Q

Masculinity Triangle

A

hegemonic men have more power then both women and alternative men

70
Q

1910 Boy Scouts

A

with the first wave of feminism they found that boys were becoming to feminine so they used sport to reaffirm masculinity

71
Q

21st Century Masculinity Crisis

A

men are becoming more increasingly concerned about their body image

72
Q

The Final Frontier of Masculinity

A

physical realm becomes important to men to maintain power
it is the last place that men can truly be men

73
Q

Pain Principle

A

enduring pain contributes to masculinity

no pain no gain

74
Q

How does sport define masculinity

A
  • type of sport
  • commitment
  • male space
  • linked to sport and war
  • physical contact and viewing without having to be gay
  • emotional display
  • women as sexual images
75
Q

Beer Ad

A

respect a man that drinks speights

76
Q

How is homophobia different compared to other forms of discrimination

A

this is personal to the persons sex, however groups of certain people are discriminated

77
Q

What makes sport a unique context for understanding homophobia

A

athletes travel together, touch others, have lockers rooms where nudity appears etc

78
Q

Professor Nina Jablonski and Race Quote

A

“the whole idea that pigmentation equals race is simply nonsense”

79
Q

Pacific: Stairway to Wellbeing

A

the development and implementation of physical recreation and sport in a way that is culturally appropriate to maori

80
Q

Amount of homeless people are there in the world

A

100 million

81
Q

homelessness definition

A

different countries have different definitions as Homelessness is something that can be measured/identified in many ways

82
Q

HFWC Vision and Mission

A

is for a world without homelessness

“To use football to support and inspire people who are homeless to change their own lives; and to change perceptions and attitudes towards people who are experiencing homelessness”

SPEX 101 (4 decks)

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