Conceptualising Sport, Science and Society Flashcards
Title of SPEX 101 paper
Sport, Science and Society
Illusions of sports arrows
illusions/myths impacts facts and reality and people values, behaviours etc
Paradigms
someones view/perspective
C. Wright Mills view on how we see the world
we need to connect private experience with wider social structures, personal problems with public issues
in other words we need to look at the world from different views
Why study sport (8)
- history
- is a business
- popular
- promote language and culture
- a social problem and solution
- avoid cultural bias
- funding
- research
Sport GDP
contributes 2.8% or equal to the dairy sector and $5.2billion dollars
The Great Sports Myth
sport is inherently pure and good
the purity and goodness of sport is transmitted to those who play or consume it
sport always leads to individual and community development
= GSM
Challenges of studying sport
- GSM = good
- not taken seriously
- everybody is an expert
- not one like when sport it critiqued
- people are jealous of sport
- sport exceptionalism
Sport Exceptionalism
assumptions that creates a belief that sport is essential for society
eg. covid and tokyo
Sport Definiton (5)
goal directed
accepted rules
institutionalised
physical skill
prowess
Why does the definition of sport matter
- concepts for research
- avoiding cultural bias
- funding
Contested Terrain
different groups fighting, not just over space, but about ideas a beliefs
Contested Terrain and Women in sport in the early days
18/19th Century: the working class women had to time or money to play sport so only the middle and upper class women played sport, yet they still had restrictions
Donnelley’s Reading: Categories of Resistance Through Sport
- self conscious political protests
- opposition to colonial rule
- cultural opposition/resistance
Self Conscious Political Protest
- protesting
using big sport moments to make a political statement - olympics and the cost to run them
- homelessness
Opposition to colonial rule
Cricket is a colonised sport that was brought to Trobriand Island however they transformed the sport to their own adaption and mock the british
Cultural opposition/resistance example
alternative sports
Hegemony
a form of power that operated through consent verus coercion
(free will to participate instead of forced)
Where does common sense come from
what is considered natural to us
Sport and the Great Experiment
elite sport is an experiment carried out on humans
Early Sport Science and the Treadmill (5)
1818 - the treadmill was invented as a torture device for punishing prisinors
1870s - research focused on athletes as experiments
- curiosity
- work productivity
- military
- sport performance
1895 - 1st world championship and experiments of physiological stress
= natural limits vs expanding biological limits
human = machine
Why sport matters to citizens
- health
- economy
- identity
- strength
how many schools in china have 10 hours of training per day
3000
number of registered bball players in china
300 million
What factors are enhancing improved sport performance
- technology
- body types
- drugs
- body enhancements
Reading: Sport in the future (5)
- able bodied, unassisted
- assisted by technology
- robot athletes
- mental athletes
- virtual athletes
Transhumanism
the current human form does not represent the end of our development
% of the word the will be classified as obese by 2035
51%
NZ is the ___ worst nation for obesity rates
4th
% of NZ that is considered active
34%
Fraction or kids/adults in NZ that are obese
1/3
On the Biomedical View of Obesity what is a cause that is missing of it
power of corporation (govt policies)
advertising and marketing
The Obesity Paradox
whilst so many people are obese so many people experience malnutrition
Obesity in increasing but
- many are reducing calories and fat in diets
- more are exercising
- life expectancies have increase
Obesity Myths
- diets generally don’t work
- weight and health are not the same
Obesity Realities
- 4-5 year olds are worried about getting fat now
- eating disorders
Judith Collins said about obesity
‘don’t blame the system for personal choices’
$ spent in Auckland on fast food
30 million
Study of exposure to fast food ads
7.4 unhealthy food advertisements per hour
within 400m of
playgrounds 33% reduction
schools 25% reduction
home areas 27%
overall reduction of 50%
VT: The men that made us fat
customers perceive product as healthy, so consume more of it than they would have of a unhealthy food
$ Lebron makes per hour
$4000
Cost for 30s ad at the Superbowl
$7 million
Relationship between sport, science and society diagram
- sport as a topic of study is important in its own right
- sport as a lens to understand society
What is gene editing
the process of making permanent changes to the DNA of an organism. This involves an alteration to the DNA, either by modifying, removing, adding DNA material to achieve an outcome, that is wanting to me be meet.
How can gene editing be positive (3)
- removes bad mutations from a population
- permanent effect, different to other medications/supplements etc
- not just used in the medical field
Gene Editing vs Drug Enhancements (4)
- both advantage an athlete
- gene editing is harder to measure
- drugs are only temporary
- health and ethical concerns
