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Coos > Sporadic Cow Disease > Flashcards

Sporadic Cow Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pericarditis

  • what
  • CS (6)
  • Dx
  • CST
  • Tx
A

traumatic penetration of wire from reticulum through diaphragm and into pericardium

CS:

  • muffled heart
  • splashing
  • pyrexia
  • CV signs
  • whithers positive
  • abduction of forelimbs

Dx: CS ± US (pus around the heart)

CST: neutrophilia / increased globulin

Tx: rumenetomy, magnet, broad spec. ABs (rarely successful)

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2
Q

Endocarditis

  • What
  • CS (4)
  • CST
  • Tx
A

haematogenous spread of bacteria that settles on valve leaflets causing granulomatous infection (from metritis, lamenss, liver abscess, pneumonia)

CS

  • murmur
  • pyrexia
  • CV signs
  • abduction of forelimbs

CST: increased TP

Tx: broad spec. ABs: rarely successful

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3
Q

Ventricular septal defect

  • CS (4)
  • Dx
  • Tx
  • prognosis
A

CS:

  • systolic murmur
  • ± stunting
  • ± CV signs
  • ± exercise intolerance

Dx: RHS murmur
Tx: none
Prognosis: ok, depends on context

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4
Q

Persistent Foramen Ovale (3)

A

often no signs/no murmur

  • left to right shunt
  • probably well tollerated
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5
Q

Tetraology if Fallot (2)

A
  • rare

- fatal no treatment

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6
Q

Epistaxis

  • cause
  • pathology
  • Tx
  • Prognosis
A

Vena cava thrombosis

acidosis –> septic emboli in liver –> phlebitis/emboli in caudal vena cava –> embolic pneumonia –> chronic suppurative pneumonia/abscess/pulmonary arterial lesions –> aneurysm of pulmonary artery –> haemorrhage of pulmonary artery –> epistaxis

often intermittent epistaxis then cow is found in a pool of their own blood.

Tx: supportive/none
Prognosis: poor

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7
Q

Oral lesions DDX list

A
  • FOOT AND MOUTH
  • bovine papular stomatitis
  • mucosal disease
  • malignant catarrhal fever
  • calf diptheria
  • actinobacillosis
  • actinomyces
  • RINDERPEST
  • BLUETONGUE
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8
Q

BPS

A

-poxvirus
-ring: central necrotic area, white ring of hyperplasia, red ring of inflammation
-Tx: none
ZOONOTIC

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9
Q

oral trauma

  • causes
  • CS (6)
  • Tx
A 
cause: drenching, bolus admin, FB
CS:
-hypersalivation
-head/neck swelling
-anorexia
-halitosis
-URT signs
-LN

Tx: NSAIDs, broad spec ABs, nursing

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10
Q

Wooden tongue

  • cause (2)
  • CS (5)
  • Tx
  • prognosis
  • note
A
  • actinobacillosis lignieresi (gram -ve)
  • related to trauma/tooth eruption

CS:

  • firm tongue, minimal movement
  • hypersalivation
  • anorexia
  • cudding
  • bolus of food in oral cavity

Tx: streptomycin for 7 dayas
prognosis: good

NOTE: cutaneous form seen with nodules in skin

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11
Q

Lumpy Jaw

  • cause
  • CS
  • Tx
  • Prognosis
A 
Actinomyces bovis (gram +ve)
osteomyelitis of mandibular bone

CS: swelling of jaw and LN
Tx: penicilin
Prognosis: godo

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12
Q

oesophageal FB/obstruction

A

CS:

  • hypersalivation
  • halliotosis
  • bloat
  • distress

Dx: unable to pass stomach tube
Tx: gag and grab, St to dislodge ±sedation adn buscopan

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13
Q

Babesia

  • What
  • History (3)
  • CS (8)
  • Dx (4)
  • Tx (2)
  • Prvention
A

Babesia divergens
Ixodidae ticks are the vector

History
– Adult (calve born with innate immunity which is lost with age)
– Tick habitat,
– Warm weather

CS
–	Dull
–	Haemaglobinuria, 
–	Fever
–	Anaemia
–	Weight loss
–	Death 1-3 weeks post
–	Infection,
–	‘Pipe stem’ faeces (coils when it comes out)
Dx 
–	Hx/CS
–	stained blood smear
–	low HCT
–	PCR

TX:
– Imidocarb (‘Imizol’): Really long meat & milk withdrawal: must notify DVM if used
– Blood transfusion
Prevention: double dose of imidocarb

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14
Q

PP haemaglobinurea

  • cause
  • history
  • CS (3)
  • Dx
  • Tx
A

Cause: hypophosphataemia (milk fever) ± brassicas
–Phosphorus is required for metabolisation of RBC so if not present, it’s just excreted

Hx – recently calved, diet change

CS
– Haemaglobinuria
– Anaemia
– Sick cow

Dx – Hx, CS, BS Ph, blood smear
Tx – Phosphorus (‘Foston’)

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15
Q

Kale/rape poisoning

  • why
  • CS (3)
  • Tx (3)
A

•feeding only brassicas for 3 weeks

CS
– Death
– Haemaglobinuria
– aneamia + associated signs

Tx
– Remove from source
– Blood transfusion,
– Supportive

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16
Q

Bacillary heamglobinurea

Cause
CS (4)
Tx
Prevention

A

Cx – clostridium novyi type D (soil): Toxin is haemolytic, latency

CS
–	Sudden death
–	haemoglobinuria
–	anaemia
–	Jaundice

Tx – penicillin
Px – vaccination

17
Q

Copper Poisoning

-cause (3)
-CS
acute (1)
chronic (4)
-Dx
-Prevention

A

Cx – over supplementation, wrong feeding
Cattle < sheep (e.g. Texel)
Acute intravascular haemolytic crisis

CS
–Acute
➢	death
–	Chronic
➢	Sick
➢	Jaundiced
➢	Anaemia
➢	Haemaglobinuria

Dx – liver copper test
Px – ensure deficient before supplement

18
Q

Bracken poisoning/Enzootic haematuria

-cause
-CS
acute (3)
chronic (2)
-Tx

A

Cx – Rhizome or young shoots (frond) if no grass
Contains canrcinogen and cyanogentic glycoside

CS
–	 Acute
➢	Leucopenia/thromocytopaenia 
➢	Haemorrhage of bladder
➢	Pyrexia
–	Chronic
➢	Bladder tumour
➢	Haematuria

Treatment: supportive, remove from bracken

19
Q

Pylonephritis

  • cause
  • CS (5)
  • Dx (3)
  • Tx
A

Cx – haematogenous spread (bactermaemia) or ascending from bladder/uterus (navel)

CS
–	(Colic if acute),
–	Ill thrift
–	Polyuria
–	Dysuria
–	Pus/blood in urine
–	Enlarged kidney found on rectal

Dx – CS, urinalysis, scan kidney
Tx – long course ABs

20
Q

Amyloidosis

  • cause (4)
  • CS (5)
  • Dx (3)
  • Tx
  • DDX (2)
A 
Cx
–	Chronic inflammation – ANYTHING!!
–	Abnormal Ag/Ab reaction		 
–	 Amyloid deposition Proteinuria
–	Deposited first in kidney then in spleen/liver
CS 
–	Ill thirft
–	Frothy urine
–	Enlarged kidney
–	D+
–	Oedema (low protein)

Dx
– Proteinuria
– Low SG
– Hyperglobulinaemia

Tx – none

Main ddx – pyelonephritis (enlarged kidney) or heart disease (oedema)

21
Q

Dermatophilosis

A
  • AKA ‘Rain scald’ (horses), ‘lumpy wool’
  • Actinomycete (Dermatophilus congolensis)
  • Warm and wet conditions
  • Along back OR muzzle of bucket fed calves
  • ‘Paint brush lesions’: tufts of hair held together by exudate of skin
  • Tx - oxytetracycline
22
Q

Pappilloma

A 
• Common, warts!!
• Bovine papilloma virus
• Young growing animals (or immunosuppressed)
• Head/neck/trunk/penis* 
• Spread by direct contact
• Tx
–	Rubber band
–	Surgical removal
–	Time
• Autogenous vaccine
–	Remove wart and send to HMV and they create specific vaccine for that animals strain
23
Q

Photosensitisation

A

• White skin
• Primary: ingestion of photodynamic plant and the photodynamic agents build up in skin and react to sunlight e.g St Johns Wort
• Secondary: ingestion of photodynamic plants which liver should be able to inactivate but doesn’t due to liver disease
• Dx – history and/or liver enzymes
• Tx
– Remove from light (and toxin)
– Supportive

24
Q

Sporadic bovine leukosis

A 
• Youngish animals (< 4 years)
• 3 forms
– Skin
– Thymic: Space Occupying Lesion effects – jugular distension, respiratory distress, bloat
– Multicentric: juvenile lymphoma
25
Q

Enzootic bovine leukosis

A 
• NOTIFIABLE (REPORT ANY TUMOUR)
• Cx – oncovirus
• Adult animals (>2 years)
• Tumours everywhere  & anywhere
• CS
–	Multiple masses
–	Weight loss
–	Milk drop,
–	Lymphadenopathy
26
Q

Infectious bovine keratitis

A 
• Moraxella bovis (gram -ve), mycoplasma (more common in sheep)
• Summer (flies)
• CS
–	Lacrimation
–	Conjunctivitis
–	Corneal ulceration
–	Blepharospasm

• Tx
– Topical AB
– Subconjuctival ABs : when doing rest arm on animal so when they move, you move: short acting oxytetracycline ( maybe 4mls?)
➢ Long acting is too irritating

27
Q

Bovine Iritis (silage eye)

A

• Any age
• Silage feeding (listeria)
– Listeria is found in mouldy silage

• Iritis (inside the eye: nothing to do with cornea)
– No ulcer
– Corneal oedema
– Hypopyon (pus in anterior chamber)

• Tx – not topical!
– Sub conjunctival or systemic ABs (+/- NSAID)

28
Q

squamous cell carcinoma of 3rd eyelid

A 
• Associated with UV light (not common in UK but is in US/NZ)
• Non-pigmented, hereford, older
• Often secondary effects
• ± Metastasis to LN
• Tx
–	Local anaesthesia and excise 
–	Enuclation
29
Q

Necrotic Enteritis

A
  • Cause: unknown
  • Hx – spring born suckler calf
• CS
–	Haemorrhagic/mucoid D+
–	Anorexia
–	Lethargy
–	Dehydration
–	Death
  • Tx – often hopeless: supportive
  • Prognosis – hopeless

• NB Other ddx calves for haemorrhagic D+ are:
– Coccidiosis
– Ecoli
– salomenella

30
Q

Haemorrhagic Bowel syndrome

A
  • Cause – unknown: Clostridium perfingens that causes Jejunitis
  • Hx – high yielding dairy cow

• CS
– Melena
– Decreased ruminal contractions
– Depression

  • Tx – nothing specific
  • Prognosis – poor, often fatal
• Some DDxs
–	Ulcer
–	Mucosal disease
–	Salmonella
–	Coccidiosis
–	Bleeding calf syndrome
31
Q

Vagal Indigestion

A

• Cx – trauma/pressure to vagus nerve
– Innervates rumen/abomasum motility
– (Traumatic pericarditis*, pleurisy may increase pressure on it from lungs)

• Hx – often vague
• CS – Variable 
–	Failure to eructate
–	Reduced/no ruminal contractility
–	Enlarged rumen on rectal
–	‘Papple’ shape
–	Dehydration
  • Dx – clinical signs
  • Tx – Underlying cause, ex lap, Prokinetics, NSAID
  • Prognosis – Poor
32
Q

Abomasal impaction/dilation

A

• Cause – too much ingesta/decreased emptying
(Mechanical obstruction – sand, FB. Vagal indigestion, ileus etc)

• CS 
–	Swelling right ventral abdomen (pear shape) (+/- rumen)
–	May/may not ping
–	Decreased faecal output
–	Dehydration
  • Tx – Prokinetics, ex lap (fluids, k)
  • Prognosis: poor
33
Q

SI obstruction

A

• Cause
– Random (post roll LDA)
– Strangulation/intussusception

• CS 
–	Colic (can feel SI on rectal)
–	No faeces 
–	Right sided ping
–	Sudden death
  • Tx – ex lap
  • Prognosis - poor
34
Q

Caecal Dilation/Torsion

A

• Cause – dietary disturbance (acidosis, low Ca2+ etc.)

• CS
– Right ping (Splashing heard when bloat underneath whilst auscultating [also get this with RDA])
– Rectal – distended organ or torsion (distinguishes from RDA)
– No faeces

• Tx
– Dilation: Buscofpan
– Torsion: Ex lap & fluids

• Prognosis – variable depends if torsion

35
Q

Peritonitis

A 
• Cause 
–	Many
–	Post abdominal surgery
–	FB
–	Perforated ulcer

• CS – unable to move arm inside upon doing a rectal: due to adhesions
Pyrexia, gut stasis, anorexia, ‘tucked up’

• CST – Increased globulin, neutrophilia

• Tx
– Cull
– Broad spectrum ABs long time
– Flush abdomen

• Prognosis – Poor

Coos (10 decks)

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