Spoken Language Terminology Flashcards
back channeling
signals that you’re listening
e.g mm, yeah, okay, u-hu
deixis
verbally pointing to something relevant to the context, or understanding of those taking part in the converstation
ellipsis
omission of words for speed, economy, expression or to avoid repitition
e.g just seen jack. tonight at 9 then?
voiced pauses
non verbal aspects of speech acting as pauses or to give thinking time - can signal speaker uncertainty
e.g err, umm
minor sentences
grammatically incomplete structures - typically spontaneous / casual speech
e.g ‘not mine’, ‘her’
non fluency features
non verbal occurrences of interruption or delay - typical of spoken language
e.g pauses or hesitiations
types of utterance
declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, exclaimatives
repair
speaker returns to a previous phrase / utterance
e.g ‘He, sorry, she broke my vase’
false starts
a construction is abandoned in favour of another
e.g i think you could have (.) you should have told me
fillers
words / expressions with little meaning but feature in everyday speech
e.g like, sort of, i mean
adjacency pairs
two part exchanges that follow a predictable pattern
e.g ‘what’s the time?’ ‘ten past three’
three part exchange
when the second speaker’s response generates a further utterance from first speaker
e.g teacher-student interaction
hedges
makes an utterance less forceful or assertive.
overlaps
participants talk at the same time
interruptions
one person talks over the other and the first stops speaking
