SPOKEN LANGUAGE CLA

Question 1

Skinners behaviourism

Answer 1

Children acquire language through conditioning - positive/negative reinforcement

Question 2

Chompskys behaviourism

Answer 2

Children have an innate ability to aquire language though the LAD

Question 3

Bruners social internationalism

Answer 3

The environment a child lives in/engages with plays a crucial role in language learning

Question 4

Piagets cognitivism

Answer 4

Language learning is dependant on a Childs cognitive ability and their mental map of the world around them

Question 5

Virtuous error (Chompsky)

Answer 5

A “mistake” in grammar which has logic behind it

Question 6

Vygotskys ZPD

Answer 6

The zone of proximal development, where a child is offered assistance in a task which is just beyond their current capability

Question 7

Micheal Halliday’s 7 functions

Answer 7

Children acquire language because it serves a purpose:
Instrumental function - fulfilling a need
Regulatory function - influencing the behaviour of others
Interactional function - develop relationships
Personal function - personal opinion
Representational function - relay/request info
Heuristic function - explore, learn and discover
Imaginative function - tell stories/create imaginary constructs

Question 8

Lennenburgs critical age hypothesis

Answer 8

After the age of 8 language cannot be developed properly if a child has no language.

Question 9

Giles accommodation theory

Answer 9

We can upwardly/downwardly converge our language dependent on who we talk to. We downwardly converge when talking to babies/children.

Question 10

Cooing

Answer 10

An attempt to make sound

Question 11

Babbling

Answer 11

The first stage of language, repeated noises

Question 12

Proto-words

Answer 12

The beginning of developing, a creation of sounds interpreted by the caregiver as a word

Question 13

Which sounds are most prominent to foetuses?

Answer 13

Vowel sounds

Question 14

Reflective noises

Answer 14

Reactions to the environment eg crying, burping, sneezing

Question 15

Jean Burko and Robert Browns fit phenomenon

Answer 15

Suggests that reception outstrips production. Children can distinguish and hear more than they can say. C: “fis” CG:”fis?” G:”no, fis” CG: “fish?” C: “yes!”

Question 16

Vowel/consonant production

Answer 16

Vowels acquired before consonants. 2.5yrs - acquired all vowels
4yrs - few consonants
6-7yrs - confident in using vowels and consonants

Question 17

Katherine Nelson

Answer 17

60% of a Childs first 50 words are nouns
1) Naming
2) Action
3) Modifying
4) Social

Question 18

Alan Cruttenden

Answer 18

Children under the age of 7 are less skilled at interpreting intonation

Question 19

Overextention

Answer 19

Widening the meaning of a word so it applies not just to the actual object, but other objects with similar properties.

Question 20

Underextention

Answer 20

Narrowing the meaning of a word, ignoring other objects that fit into that category

Question 21

Aitchisons stages

Answer 21

1) Labelling - attaching words to objects
2) Packaging
3) Network building

Question 22

Leslie Rescorlas stages of overextension

Answer 22

Categorical - The name of one member of a category is extended to refer to all members of that category
Analogical - A word for one object is extended to one in a different category
Mismatch - When a child makes a statement about one object in relation to another

Question 23

Ursula Bellugis negation

Answer 23

Between the ages of 2-3 children learn how to use negation.
Stages:
1) No at the start of a statement “No walk”
2) Adding a personal pronoun “I no walk”
3) Negative embedded in contraction “I don’t want to walk”

Question 24

The WUG test - Jean Burko

Answer 24

The suffix “-ed” is one of the first and most simple morphemes learnt by children alongside plurals