Split Pelvis

Question 1

what makes up the bony pelvis?

Answer 1

ilium, ischium and pubis (os coxa) sacram and coccyx

Question 2

what is the pelvic inlet bounded by?

Answer 2

pubic symphysis, iliopectineal lines and sacral promontory

Question 3

the pelvic outlet is bounded by?

Answer 3

the pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx

Question 4

where is the true pelvic cavity?

Answer 4

the space between the inlet and outlet

Question 5

what is the difference between a male and female pelvis?

Answer 5

the subpubic angle is greater in the female than the male, the ischial tuberosities and ischial spines are everted and the sacrum is tipped more posteriorly in the femal

Question 6

best way to tell whether a pelvis is male or female

Answer 6

examine the subpubic angle

Question 7

diagonal conjugate

Answer 7

distance between the inferior border of the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory

Question 8

what is directly anterior to the sacrum?

Answer 8

the rectum

Question 9

position of the ureters?

Answer 9

they descend along the posterior abdominal wall and continue inferiorly to open into the base of the urinary bladder

Question 10

the part of the parietal peritoneum that surrounds and fuses around the uterus, ovary and uterine fallopian tubes is referred to?

Answer 10

as the broad ligament

Question 11

a fold of peritoneum that passes from the lateral pelvic wall to the ovary and contains its vasculature

Answer 11

suspensory ligament

Question 12

smaller, inferior region of the uterus is?

Answer 12

the cervix

Question 13

the body of the uterus is

Answer 13

anteflexed relative to the cervix

Question 14

the cervix is (blank) relative to the vagina

Answer 14

anteverted

Question 15

As the cevix opens on the anterior wall of the vagina, and protrudes lightly into the vaginal lumen- this forms shallow recesses in the vagina around the cervical opening called?

Answer 15

the anterior and posterior vaginal fornices

Question 16

posterior tilt of the body on the cervix is called?

Answer 16

retroflexion

Question 17

posterior tilt of the cervix on the vagina is termed?

Answer 17

retroversion

Question 18

what happens if the uterus is aligned vertically with the vaginal lumen?

Answer 18

it is subject to herniation of prolapse

Question 19

Difference in pelvic organs for males and females

Answer 19

The urinary, reproductive and digestive systems all have organs within the pelvis and in females the three organ systems are anatomically separate. In males they are not independent

Question 20

what are the regions of the male urethra

Answer 20

the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and penile/spongy urethra

Question 21

the ejaculatory duct is formed by

Answer 21

the vas deferens and seminal vesicals

Question 22

where does the ejaculatory duct pass and drain into

Answer 22

is passes through the prostate gland and drains into the prostatic urethra

Question 23

the rectoanal junctions assists with?

Answer 23

fecal incontinence

Question 24

indicate the passageway of sperm from its production to its release from the body

Answer 24

testis- epididymis- vas deferens- ejaculatory duct- prostatic urethra- membranous urethra- penile urethra

Question 25

because most of the pelvic urinary, reproductive and digestive organs are deep within the pelvis and covered superiorly by peritoneum they are typically called

Answer 25

infra-peritoneal

Question 26

the parietal peritoneum forms recesses (dead ends) as it reflects from one pelvic organ to another. In males- what is this recess?

Answer 26

rectovesical pouch

Question 27

what are the two pouchese in females

Answer 27

vesicouterine pouch between the urinary bladder and uterus and the rectouterine pouch (of douglas) between the rectum and uterus

Question 28

What are the low spots in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 28

rectovesical pouch in males and rectouterine pouch in females

Question 29

fluid can be withdrawn from the peritoneal cavity by inserting a needle through the?

Answer 29

posterior fornix of the vagina

Question 30

what is the main blood supply to the structures of the pelvis?

Answer 30

internal iliac artery

Question 31

the descending aorta typically bifurcates at? what does it form?

Answer 31

vertebral level L4 | forms the common iliac arteries

Question 32

branches of the internal iliac are generally to?

Answer 32

the pelvic wall, lower limb/perineum and the pelvic viscera

Question 33

the pelvic wall branches are?

Answer 33

the iliolumbar and lateral sacral arteries

Question 34

what helps supply the iliacus and psoas major muscles

Answer 34

iliolumbar arteries

Question 35

what supplies the bone of the sacrum and dura mater of the sacral nerve roots

Answer 35

lateral sacral arteries

Question 36

what arteries supply muscles of the hip and thigh? where do they exit?

Answer 36

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. They exit through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 37

How does the obturator artery travel? what does it supply?

Answer 37

the obturator artery travels on the lateral wall of the pelvis before exiting the obturator foramen to reach the medial thigh

Question 38

what does the internal pudendal artery supply?

Answer 38

supplies the anus, muscles of the deep and superficial perineal spaces, the clitoris/penis, and the skin of the scrotum/labium majoris

Question 39

the internal pudendal artery is positioned where in relation to the inferior gluteal artery?

Answer 39

anteriorly when exiting the pelvis

Question 40

major blood supply to the urinary system in both sexes is derived from

Answer 40

branches of the umbilical artery

Question 41

As the umbilical artery passes by the urinary bladder it branches to form what? what does that supply

Answer 41

the superior vesical artery- supplies the upper margin of the bladder

Question 42

when the umbilical cord is clamped following childbirth what happens to the umbilical artery?

Answer 42

the proximal segment of the umbilical artery remains patent and carries blood to its superior vesical branch. The distal part of the umbilical artery which is no longer transmitting blood, collapses and becomes obliterated

Question 43

the nomenclature of the internal iliac branches is comparable in females and males with the exception of?

Answer 43

the visceral branches to the reproductive tracts

Question 44

blood supply to the pelvic reproductive organs in males is derived from? what does it supply?

Answer 44

the inferior vesical artery. it supplies both urinary and reproductive organs, the lower portion of the bladder, seminal vesicles and the prostate gland

Question 45

most reproductive organs in females are supplied by? how does it run? what does it supply?

Answer 45

the uterine artery- it courses medially toward the cervix of the uterus. it supplies the body and cervix of the uterus and sends additional branches to the vagina and inferior bladder

Question 46

in both sexes, the ureter passes under? why is this important

Answer 46

the inferior vesical/uterine artery- a surgeon must take care to isolate the ureter from the uterine artery otherwise drainage from the kidney would be disrupted

Question 47

the middle rectal artery supplies

Answer 47

the middle and inferior portions of the rectum and anal canal

Question 48

the rectum and anal canal receive their blood supply from?

Answer 48

the superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

Question 49

middle and inferior rectal arteries are branches of?

Answer 49

the internal iliac artery

Question 50

which rectal artery is a direct branch? which branches off of the internal pudendal artery?

Answer 50

the middle rectal artery is a direct branch of the internal iliac the inferior rectal artery is a branch of the internal pudendal artery

Question 51

the inferior rectal veins are also called

Answer 51

hemorrhoidal veins

Question 52

the portion of the rectal venous plexus related to the middle rectal vein found just below the epithelium of the rectum gives rise to

Answer 52

internal hemorrhoids

Question 53

the portion of the rectal venous plexus external to the muscular wall form

Answer 53

external hemorrhoids

Question 54

nerves found in the pelvis can be distinguished as?

Answer 54

somatic or visceral nerves

Question 55

somatic nerves in the pelvis include ?

Answer 55

vental rami of lower lumbar and sacral spinal nerves that innervate the pelvic wall and lower limbs

Question 56

visceral nerves of the pelvis include?

Answer 56

splanchnic nerves that innervate internal organs

Question 57

both ventral rami and splanchnic nerves converge with other nerves

Answer 57

to form plexuses

Question 58

the sacral plexus is what type of plexus? constructed of what

Answer 58

the sacral plexus is a somatic plexus constructed of ventral rami

Question 59

the hypogastric plexus is a

Answer 59

visceral plexus constructed of various splanchnic nerves

Question 60

the sacral plexus includes?

Answer 60

the large ventral rami of both lumbar and sacral spinal nerves (L4-S4)

Question 61

The ventral rami of L4 and L5 first form

Answer 61

the lumbosacral trunk within the lower abdomen- then pass inferiorly into the pelvis to join the sacral ventral rmai

Question 62

the pelvic somatic plexus includes which fibers

Answer 62

somatosensory, somatomotor and sympathetic fibers

Question 63

the hypogastric and all visceral plexuses contain

Answer 63

sympathetic, parasympathetic and viscerosensory fibers

Question 64

near the bifurcation of the aorta is the

Answer 64

superior hypogastric plexus

Question 65

the superior hypogastric plexus splits into

Answer 65

left and right hypogastric nerves

Question 66

the hypergastric nerves travel inferiorly and split into

Answer 66

inferior hypogastric plexuses

Question 67

what enters the hypogastric plexus through lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves?

Answer 67

sympathetic fibers

Question 68

what fibers in the hypogastric plexus arise from levels S2, 3, 4 of the spinal cord?

Answer 68

parasympathetic fibers

Question 69

what fibers exit the pelvic splanchnic to join the inferior epigastric plexus?

Answer 69

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 70

which fibers distribute to pelvic viscera a branches from the inferior hypogastric

Answer 70

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Question 71

damage to the plexus's that run along organs can cause

Answer 71

urinary or fecal incontinence or impotence