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Anatomy Unit Two > Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

With the exception of this abdominal wall, the abdominal wall layers are involved during the descent of the gonads? Which layer is not?

A

transversus abdominis

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2
Q

Under the arcuate line, there is not posterior rectus sheath but rather, what lines the posterior aspect of the recuts abdominis muscle?

A

the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum are posterior to the muscle

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3
Q

the lack of the posterior recutus sheath inferior to the arcuate line is anatomically important because?

A

it allows for the inferior epigastric vessels to access/supply the rectus abdominis muscle and provide collateral circulation to the trunk muscle

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4
Q

testes originally develop where?

A

along the posterior abdominal wall

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5
Q

Why do testes leave the pelvis and travel through the abdominal wall into the scrotum?

A

the temperature is lower and compatible with spermatogenesis

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6
Q

what ligamentous structure attaches to both the superior and inferior poles of the developing testes?

A

gubernaculum

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7
Q

which part of the gubernaculum dengerates?

A

The superior part of the gubernaculum

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8
Q

which part of the gubernaculum will guide the testis along its descent through the anterior abdominal wall

A

inferior part of the gubernaculum

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9
Q

what is the testis supplied by as it is developing along the posterior abdominal wall? what is that artery a branch of?

A

the testicular artery

this is a branch of the abdominal aorta

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10
Q

transversalis fascia is a layer of? what is its function?

A

connective tissue

it binds the parietal peritoneum and is subserous fascia to the transverses abdomens muscle

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11
Q

the processus vaginalis is formed by

A

the evagination of the parietal peritoneum from the lower abdominal wall toward the skin of the scrotum

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12
Q

what does the processus do as it grows inferiorly?

A

push the abdominal wall layers ahead of itself

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13
Q

due to the processus pushing layers of the abdominal walls ahead of itself, what layers are also evaginated?

A

parietal peritoneum
transversalis fascia
internal oblique
external oblique

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14
Q

why does the transversus abdominis not partake in the descent of the testis?

A

because the inferior edge of the transversus abdominis muscle is slightly above the level where the processus vaginalis and testis descend

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15
Q

Where are the testis originally located in the posterior abdominal wall?

A

between the parietal peritoneum and the transversalis fascia

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16
Q

the process of descent creates a canal through the abdominal wall called?

A

the inguinal canal

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17
Q

where does the inguinal canal begin internally?

A

at the deep inguinal ring

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18
Q

At the deep inguinal ring the transversalis fascia evaginates what?

A

around the processus vaginalis and testis

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19
Q

the inguinal canal ends externally at? where what evaginates?

A

the superficial inguinal ring, where the external oblique evaginates

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20
Q

the inguinal canal contains?

A

bundled vessels, nerves and ducts of the testis- the spermatic cord

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21
Q

After the descent, the processus vaginalis degenerates proximally, but persists in the scrotum as?

A

the tunica vaginalis

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22
Q

what is a celomic (serous) sac that covers the anterior and lateral aspects of the testis and head of the epididymis

A

tunica vaginalis

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23
Q

the tunica vaginalis has what two layers? where do they come from?

A

a visceral and parietal layer.

both layers come from the parietal peritoneum of the processus vaginalis

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24
Q

what happens once the processus vaginalis degenerates proximally?

A

there is no longer a pathway/connection between the parietal peritoneum of the abdomen and the tunica vaginalis in the scrotum

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25
Q

what can occur if the processus vaginalis only partially degenerates or doesn’t degenerate at all?

A

an indirect inguinal hernia can occur

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26
Q

in the descent of the ovary. the gubernaculum extends?

A

from the ovary to the skin of the labium majus

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27
Q

the labium majus is equivalent to?

A

the scrotum

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28
Q

what supplies the ovary when it is attached to the posterior abdominal wall? What is it a branch of?

A

the ovarian artery

a branch of the abdominal aorta

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29
Q

the evagination of the abdominal layers in the descent of the ovaries is toward?

A

the labium majus

30
Q

there is no tunica vaginalis in women after the descent is complete and the processus vaginalis collapses and degenerates. True or false?

A

true

31
Q

During the descent of the ovary, why is the process arrested within the pelvis?

A

the gubernaculum gets trapped within the lateral wall of the expanding uterus

32
Q

as the gubernaculum becomes tethered to the uterus, what happens to the ovary

A

it reaches its final destination in the pelvis

33
Q

the ovary does not travel through the inguinal canal, true or false?

A

true

34
Q

What does the gubernaculum remain as in people with testes? what is the function?

A

scrotal/testicular ligament

the function is to tether the testis to the scrotal skin

35
Q

what does the gubernaculum persists as in people with ovaries?

A

the round ligament of the ovary/ ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus

36
Q

what was the first layer encountered by the processus vaginalis?

A

transversalis fascia

37
Q

evagination of the transversalis fascia

A

internal spermatic fascia

38
Q

the sight where the transversalis fasia evaginated is called? where does it lie in relation to the epigastric vessels?

A

the deep inguinal ring

lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

39
Q

what enters the inguinal ring?

A

vas deferens and testicular vessels or the round ligament of the uterus

40
Q

as the processus vaginalis descends further, it encounters the internal abdominal oblique. This evagination becomes?

A

the cremaster muscle

41
Q

what is the function of the cremaster?

A

it helps to regulate the temperature of the testis by contracting to pull the testis up

42
Q

due to the the external oblique ending more laterally, the descent only effects what?

A

the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

43
Q

fibers of the aponeurosis of the external oblique form lateral and medial crura that flank the?

A

superficial inguinal ring

44
Q

the external oblique evaginates to form?

A

the external spermatic fascia

45
Q

when descent is complete, in men what cord exits the superficial inguinal ring

A

spermatic cord

46
Q

in people with ovaries, what travels through the inguinal canal

A

round ligament of the uterus

47
Q

Because an ovary does not pass through the inguinal canal, what is not as evident?

A

the evagination of the abdominal wall at the superficial inguinal ring

48
Q

name the inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis

A

inguinal ligament

49
Q

name the evagination of the peritoneum that grows into the labium majus/scrotum

A

processus vaginalis

50
Q

where is the primitive gonad located relative to the peritoneum?

A

primarily retroperitoneal

51
Q

a general term used to describe a situation when an organ or part of an organ introduces through an opening where it doesn’t belong?

A

Hernia

52
Q

occurs because of a weakening of the abdominal wall?

A

direct inguinal hernia

53
Q

the inguinal triangle is bounded by

A

the inferior epigastric vessels laterally, the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis medially, and the inguinal ligament inferiorly

54
Q

aponeuroses of the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique makes the

A

conjoint tendon

55
Q

weak spot within the inguinal triangle, where is it and why is it weak?

A

region lateral to the conjoint tendon and medial to the inferior epigastric artery.
weak because it consists only of parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia and external oblique aponeurosis

56
Q

if the conjoint tendon is quite narrow?

A

there will be a large weak spot

57
Q

if the conjoint tendon is wide

A

the weak spot will be smaller

58
Q

when the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles contract

A

the weak spot is reduced

59
Q

a direct inguinal hernia will usually involve the protrusion of

A

peritoneal fat or the small intestine

60
Q

as a direct hernia enlarges, it protrudes through?

A

the superficial inguinal ring because that is the only weak spot in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

61
Q

if the herniated bowel emerges through the superficial ring it will be covered by what layers?

A

layers of the peritoneum, transversalis fascia and external spermatic fascia

62
Q

hernia that is a result of a congenital defect

A

indirect inguinal hernia

63
Q

because the deep inguinal ring lies just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels and lateral to the inguinal triangle it is called an indirect inguinal hernia

A

because it traverses the body wall in an indirect or oblique fashion

64
Q

both types of inguinal hernias would protrude though the superficial inguinal ring if the hernia became large enough, true or false

A

true

65
Q

the inguinal ligament spans

A

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubis

66
Q

As the inguinal ligament approaches the pubic tubercle, some is fibers curve, what is this called?

A

lacunar ligament

67
Q

along the superior ramus of the pubis the inguinal ligament continue to become

A

the pectineal ligament

68
Q

the femoral artery, vein and lymphatics pass through this region, they are invested by an extension of transversals fascia that forms

A

the femoral sheath

69
Q

the femoral sheath has what three compartments, where are thy located and what is their function?

A

femoral canal- most medial and contains lymphatic vessels which drains the inguinal nodes

femoral vein- intermediate
drains the lower limb

femoral artery- most lateral functions to supply the lower body with blood

70
Q

because lymphatic vessels in the femoral canal are so small and delicate, they do not fill their allotted space thus

A

the femoral canal is a weak spot

71
Q

all hernias in the groin involve a bulge in the?

A

parietal peritoneum

72
Q

an indirect hernia could extend?

A

all the way to the scrotum and would be within the tunica vaginalis and surrounded by fascial layers of the sprmatic cord

Anatomy Unit Two (5 decks)

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