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Summer 2014 - ABD 2 ✔️ > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

0
Q

spleen ____ in size and shape, but generally is considered to be _____, with a convex superior and a concave inferior surface

A

varies

ovoid

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1
Q

spleen is in the ____ and located in the left _____ / left _____ region extending into the _____ region

A

LUQ

left hypogastric/left hypochondrium

epigastric

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2
Q

spleen is an _______ organ that is almost completely covered with peritoneum except for a small area at the hilum

A

intraperitoneal

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3
Q

blood is supplied by the _____ artery, which immediately divides into _____ branches after entering the splenic hilum

A

splenic artery

6 branches

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4
Q

splenic artery arises as a branch of the _____

A

celiac artery

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5
Q

splenic artery is tortuous along the ______ border of the pancreas

A

superior

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6
Q

splenic vein leaves the splenic hilum and joins the _____ to form the ____

A

SMV

PV

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7
Q

anterior to the spleen lies the …

A

stomach, tail of the pancreas, left colic flexure

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8
Q

_____ _____ lies along the medial border of the spleen

A

left kidney

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9
Q

the _______ is seen as a bright, curvilinear echogenic structure close to the proximal superolateral surface of the spleen

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

it is held in place by what 3 ligaments

A

lienorenal
gastrosplenic
phrenicocolic

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11
Q

what are the 5 congenital variants of the spleen

A 
asplenia
accessory spleen (most common)
agenesis
polysplenia
wandering spleen
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12
Q

describe asplenia

A 
rare
absence of the spleen
poor prognosis
abnormal organ location
horseshoe kidneys
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13
Q

describe accessory spleen

A

MOST COMMON
results from failure of fusion of separate splenic masses
commonly located in the splenic hilum
usually small - 1 cm
round or oval solid structure
similar in echogenicity to splenic tissue

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14
Q

describe splenic agenesis

A

complete absence of splenic tissue and is associated with severe forms of congenital heart disease

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15
Q

describe polysplenia

A

multiple small spleens in the abd cavity with absence of the normally located spleen

associated with GI, cardiovascular, biliary abn

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16
Q

describe a wandering spleen / splenic torsion

A

ectopic
migration of the spleen from its normal location in the LUQ
result of an embryologic anomaly
use color flow to map vascularity

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17
Q

spleen is part of the ______ system - blood cell

A

reticuloendothelial

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18
Q

main function of the spleen

A

to filter peripheral blood

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19
Q

the spleen is active in _______ formation - hematopoiesis

A

blood

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20
Q

the spleen plays an important role in the body’s ______ ______ ______

A

defense against disease

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21
Q

the spleen is involved in ______ and _____ ______

A

pigment and lipid metabolism

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22
Q

the spleen is a major destruction site of ______ and recycles _______

A

old RBC

hemoglobin

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23
Q

functions of the spleen

A

removes foreign material from the blood
production of antibodies
reservoir for blood

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24
Q

lab tests to indicate spleen issues

A

hematocrit increases - dehydration, shock, infection
hematocrit decreases - hemorrhage, anemia, leukemia
bacteremia
leukocytosis increases - WBC
leukopenia decreases - WBC
thrombocytopenia decreases platelets

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25
Q

the spleen is rarely the _______ site of the disease

A

primary

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26
Q

the spleen is often affected by a ______ ______ ______

A

systemic disease process

27
Q

the spleen is _________ with internal echoes slightly less or equal to the _____

A

homogeneous

liver

28
Q

spleen size

A

9-12 cm x 4-6 cm

29
Q

indication for spleen issues

A

palpable
LUQ pain
infectious diseases
abn lab tests

30
Q

_______ is the most common sonographic finding in splenic disease

A

splenomegaly

31
Q

describe splenomegaly

A

long axis greater than 13 cm

caused by heart failure, portal hypertension, cirrhosis, cystic fibrosis, portal/splenic vein thrombosis, sickle cell disease

32
Q

splenomegaly could cause displacement of what organs

A 
left kidney
stomach
left digphragm
left lung
liver
33
Q

_____ are classified as parasitic or nonparasitic in origin

A

cysts

34
Q

inflammation of the spleen could be caused by…

A

infections like mononucleosis - normal to enlarged

abscess like echinococcus (parasite) - irregular mass with possible shadowing from gas

35
Q

________ is the only parasite that forms splenic cysts

A

echinococcus

36
Q

parasitic cysts appear as….

A

anechoic lesions with possible daughter cysts

37
Q

clinical findings of an abscess

A 
fever
LUQ tenderness
abd pain
left shoulder pain
flank pain
big spleen
38
Q

abscesses are ________

A

uncommon

39
Q

the spleen is a _______ for _______

A

storage for disease

40
Q

what is amyloidosis

A

nodular and diffuse

41
Q

what is Gaucher’s disease

A

inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful quantities of fatty substances accumulate

42
Q

what is Niemann-Pick disease

A

inherited in which fatty substances call lipids accucumate

affects infant females - fatal

43
Q

name the 3 spleen storage diseases

A

amyloidosis
Gaucher’s disease
Niemann-Pick disease

44
Q

what are erythropoietic abnormalities

A

related to the formation of red blood cells

45
Q

what are the 3 examples of erythropoietic abnormalities

A

hemolytic anemia
chronic anemia
thalassemia

46
Q

what is hemolytic anemia

A

condition in which there are not enough RBC in the blood

47
Q

what is chronic anemia

A

condition in which the body does not have enough healthy RBC

48
Q

what is thalassemia

A

body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin

49
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

small spleen

abnormal shaped RBCs

50
Q

what is polycythemia vera

A

large spleen
overproduction of RBCs
hemorrhage

51
Q

what are examples of lymphopoietic abnormalities

A

leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia
lymphoma

52
Q

what is leukemia

A

cancer o the blood cells

abnormal increase in WBC

53
Q

what is lymphoma

A

cancer in the lymphatic cells

Hodgkin’s disease or Non-Hodgkin’s

54
Q

_______ is caused by septic emboli - oxygen supply to the spleen is interrupted, leading to tissue death

A

infarction

55
Q

what does an infarction look like sonographically

A

wedge shaped lesion

56
Q

name 3 benign primary neoplasms

A

hamartomas - splenoma
cavernous hemangiomas - MOST COMMON
cystic lymphangiomas

57
Q

what is a rare malignant primary neoplasm

A

hemangiosarcoma

58
Q

the spleen is the ______ most common site to get metastases

A

10th

uncommon

59
Q

what is a calcified circle on an x-ray

A

splenic artery aneurysm

60
Q

trauma to the spleen clinical symptoms

A 
LUQ pain (100%)
left shoulder pain (50%)
left flank pain (36%)
dizziness (21%)
hypotension
decreased hemoglobin levels
61
Q

the spleen is the most common damaged organ in ______

A

trauma

subcapsular, rupture

62
Q

when trauma occurs to the spleen, what other findings might be noticed

A 
splenomegaly
irregular splenic borders
hematoma
contusions
subcapsular and percapsular fluid collections
free intraperitoneal blood
left pleural effusion
63
Q

what does FAST stand for

A

focused assessment with sonography for trauma

64
Q

what is splenosis

A

ectopic splenic tissue found after trauma or surgery

acquired condition

65
Q

measurement of spleen to be considered splenomegaly

A

greater than 13 cm

Summer 2014 - ABD 2 ✔️ (9 decks)

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