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Summer 2014 - ABD 2 ✔️ > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

0
Q

spleen ____ in size and shape, but generally is considered to be _____, with a convex superior and a concave inferior surface

A

varies

ovoid

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1
Q

spleen is in the ____ and located in the left _____ / left _____ region extending into the _____ region

A

LUQ

left hypogastric/left hypochondrium

epigastric

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2
Q

spleen is an _______ organ that is almost completely covered with peritoneum except for a small area at the hilum

A

intraperitoneal

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3
Q

blood is supplied by the _____ artery, which immediately divides into _____ branches after entering the splenic hilum

A

splenic artery

6 branches

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4
Q

splenic artery arises as a branch of the _____

A

celiac artery

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5
Q

splenic artery is tortuous along the ______ border of the pancreas

A

superior

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6
Q

splenic vein leaves the splenic hilum and joins the _____ to form the ____

A

SMV

PV

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7
Q

anterior to the spleen lies the …

A

stomach, tail of the pancreas, left colic flexure

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8
Q

_____ _____ lies along the medial border of the spleen

A

left kidney

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9
Q

the _______ is seen as a bright, curvilinear echogenic structure close to the proximal superolateral surface of the spleen

A

diaphragm

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10
Q

it is held in place by what 3 ligaments

A

lienorenal
gastrosplenic
phrenicocolic

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11
Q

what are the 5 congenital variants of the spleen

A 
asplenia
accessory spleen (most common)
agenesis
polysplenia
wandering spleen
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12
Q

describe asplenia

A 
rare
absence of the spleen
poor prognosis
abnormal organ location
horseshoe kidneys
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13
Q

describe accessory spleen

A

MOST COMMON
results from failure of fusion of separate splenic masses
commonly located in the splenic hilum
usually small - 1 cm
round or oval solid structure
similar in echogenicity to splenic tissue

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14
Q

describe splenic agenesis

A

complete absence of splenic tissue and is associated with severe forms of congenital heart disease

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15
Q

describe polysplenia

A

multiple small spleens in the abd cavity with absence of the normally located spleen

associated with GI, cardiovascular, biliary abn

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16
Q

describe a wandering spleen / splenic torsion

A

ectopic
migration of the spleen from its normal location in the LUQ
result of an embryologic anomaly
use color flow to map vascularity

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17
Q

spleen is part of the ______ system - blood cell

A

reticuloendothelial

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18
Q

main function of the spleen

A

to filter peripheral blood

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19
Q

the spleen is active in _______ formation - hematopoiesis

A

blood

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20
Q

the spleen plays an important role in the body’s ______ ______ ______

A

defense against disease

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21
Q

the spleen is involved in ______ and _____ ______

A

pigment and lipid metabolism

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22
Q

the spleen is a major destruction site of ______ and recycles _______

A

old RBC

hemoglobin

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23
Q

functions of the spleen

A

removes foreign material from the blood
production of antibodies
reservoir for blood

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24
lab tests to indicate spleen issues
hematocrit increases - dehydration, shock, infection hematocrit decreases - hemorrhage, anemia, leukemia bacteremia leukocytosis increases - WBC leukopenia decreases - WBC thrombocytopenia decreases platelets
25
the spleen is rarely the _______ site of the disease
primary
26
the spleen is often affected by a ______ ______ ______
systemic disease process
27
the spleen is _________ with internal echoes slightly less or equal to the _____
homogeneous liver
28
spleen size
9-12 cm x 4-6 cm
29
indication for spleen issues
palpable LUQ pain infectious diseases abn lab tests
30
_______ is the most common sonographic finding in splenic disease
splenomegaly
31
describe splenomegaly
long axis greater than 13 cm caused by heart failure, portal hypertension, cirrhosis, cystic fibrosis, portal/splenic vein thrombosis, sickle cell disease
32
splenomegaly could cause displacement of what organs
``` left kidney stomach left digphragm left lung liver ```
33
_____ are classified as parasitic or nonparasitic in origin
cysts
34
inflammation of the spleen could be caused by...
infections like mononucleosis - normal to enlarged abscess like echinococcus (parasite) - irregular mass with possible shadowing from gas
35
________ is the only parasite that forms splenic cysts
echinococcus
36
parasitic cysts appear as....
anechoic lesions with possible daughter cysts
37
clinical findings of an abscess
``` fever LUQ tenderness abd pain left shoulder pain flank pain big spleen ```
38
abscesses are ________
uncommon
39
the spleen is a _______ for _______
storage for disease
40
what is amyloidosis
nodular and diffuse
41
what is Gaucher's disease
inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful quantities of fatty substances accumulate
42
what is Niemann-Pick disease
inherited in which fatty substances call lipids accucumate affects infant females - fatal
43
name the 3 spleen storage diseases
amyloidosis Gaucher's disease Niemann-Pick disease
44
what are erythropoietic abnormalities
related to the formation of red blood cells
45
what are the 3 examples of erythropoietic abnormalities
hemolytic anemia chronic anemia thalassemia
46
what is hemolytic anemia
condition in which there are not enough RBC in the blood
47
what is chronic anemia
condition in which the body does not have enough healthy RBC
48
what is thalassemia
body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin
49
what is sickle cell anemia
small spleen abnormal shaped RBCs
50
what is polycythemia vera
large spleen overproduction of RBCs hemorrhage
51
what are examples of lymphopoietic abnormalities
leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia lymphoma
52
what is leukemia
cancer o the blood cells abnormal increase in WBC
53
what is lymphoma
cancer in the lymphatic cells Hodgkin's disease or Non-Hodgkin's
54
_______ is caused by septic emboli - oxygen supply to the spleen is interrupted, leading to tissue death
infarction
55
what does an infarction look like sonographically
wedge shaped lesion
56
name 3 benign primary neoplasms
hamartomas - splenoma cavernous hemangiomas - MOST COMMON cystic lymphangiomas
57
what is a rare malignant primary neoplasm
hemangiosarcoma
58
the spleen is the ______ most common site to get metastases
10th uncommon
59
what is a calcified circle on an x-ray
splenic artery aneurysm
60
trauma to the spleen clinical symptoms
``` LUQ pain (100%) left shoulder pain (50%) left flank pain (36%) dizziness (21%) hypotension decreased hemoglobin levels ```
61
the spleen is the most common damaged organ in ______
trauma subcapsular, rupture
62
when trauma occurs to the spleen, what other findings might be noticed
``` splenomegaly irregular splenic borders hematoma contusions subcapsular and percapsular fluid collections free intraperitoneal blood left pleural effusion ```
63
what does FAST stand for
focused assessment with sonography for trauma
64
what is splenosis
ectopic splenic tissue found after trauma or surgery acquired condition
65
measurement of spleen to be considered splenomegaly
greater than 13 cm

Summer 2014 - ABD 2 ✔️ (9 decks)

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