Prostate

Question 0

what does the prostate produce

Answer 0

fluid to transport sperm

constitutes 15-30% volume of semen

Question 1

prostate is a _________ gland

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

the prostate is _______ to the urinary bladder

Answer 2

inferior

Question 3

what is PSA

Answer 3

prostate specific protein antigen

elevation of protein

benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, cancer

Question 4

what is the normal PSA, likelihood of cancer PSA, and PSA change in over a year

Answer 4

normal - 4 ng/ml

cancer - greater than 20 ng/ml

change in 1 yr - greater than .75 ng/ml

Question 5

indications for prostate exam

Answer 5

urinary symptoms
increased PSA
abn rectal exam
pain
infertility

Question 6

prostate is a ______ gland with a _______ (superior) and an _______ (inferior)

Answer 6

oval gland

base

apex

base is near the bladder HINT

Question 7

what are the prostates 5 lobes

Answer 7

anterior
median
right lateral
left lateral
posterior

Question 8

what is the prostate shaped like

Answer 8

an inverted pyramid

Question 9

what are the 3 zones of the prostate

Answer 9

peripheral

transition

central

Question 10

describe peripheral zone

Answer 10

MOST COMMON site for malignancy and infection
70%
posterior lateral
largest

Question 11

describe central zone

Answer 11

base
second largest - 25%
vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts enter
more hyperechoic than the peripheral zone

Question 12

describe transitional zone

Answer 12

on both sides of the urethra
second site for malignancy
MAIN SITE for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 13

describe the periurethral glandular

Answer 13

embedded in the muscle of the proximal urethra

smallest zone (if included)

Question 14

describe the anterior fibro-muscular zone

Answer 14

approx 5%
devoid of glandular components
made up of fibrous tissue & muscles

**another zone if included)

Question 15

describe the seminal vesicles

Answer 15

paired
superior to the prostate gland
posterior to bladder

Question 16

what does the seminal vesicles secrete

Answer 16

a fluid that empties into the ejaculatory ducts

Question 17

how do you measure the prostate

Answer 17

transabdominally with a full bladder

Question 18

describe process for transrectal

Answer 18

empty bladder
LLD postition
endorectal transducer with cover
image is inverted

Question 19

what is TRUS

Answer 19

transrectal ultrasound

detail and biospy

Question 20

measurements of prostate

Answer 20

TRV 35-45 mm
AP 15-25 mm
length 25-35 mm

Question 21

prostate volume

Answer 21

L x AP x W x 1.57

less than 20 ml is normal

Question 22

What is BPH

Answer 22

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 23

Describe BPH

Answer 23

Found in the TRANSITIONAL ZONE

Enlargement of the prostate gland

Obstructs urine flow - hydro

Nocturia

Question 24

BPH sonographically

Answer 24

Calcifications Inhomogenecity Cystic changes

Question 25

What is TURP

Answer 25

Transurethral resection MOST COMMON surgical procedure for BPH

Question 26

Describe prostate CA

Answer 26

MOST COMMON in men Found in the PERIPHERAL ZONE ``` Blood in urine/semen Pain in back/hips Impotency Elevated PSA Biopsy needed ```

Question 27

Describe prostatitis

Answer 27

Pain Fever Found in PERIPHERAL ZONE

Question 28

Describe male infertility

Answer 28

Duct obstruction Calculi Cysts

Question 29

Know what a bladder diverticulum looks like

Answer 29

Slide 33 Little outpouching on the side of the bladder

Question 30

What is prostate cryosurgery

Answer 30

Quick freezes and slowly thaws the prostate to destroy CA cells