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Abdominal Scanning > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

This is the largest lympatic organ in the body.

A

spleen

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2
Q

T/F? The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ.

A

FALSE, it’s peritoneal

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3
Q

This organ filters damaged cells and delivers antigens to the immune system.

A

spleen

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4
Q

Splenic arteries are sometimes called ___ arteries, due to their appearance on u/s.

A

brush

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5
Q

The spleen consists of what two kinds of pulp?

A

white and red

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6
Q

The ___ pulp of the spleen is lymphatic tissue consisting mainly of lymphocytes around arteries.

A

white

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7
Q

The white pulp of the spleen is ___ tissue consisting mainly of lymphocytes around ___.

A

lymphatic tissue, arteries

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8
Q

The ___ pulp of the spleen consists of venous sinuses filled with blood and cords of lymphatic cells.

A

red

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9
Q

The red pulp of the spleen consists of ___ filled with blood and cords of ___ cells.

A

venous sinuses, lymphatic

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10
Q

T/F? The spleen decreases in size and weight with advancing age.

A

true

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11
Q

The spleen ___ in volume while digestion is in progress and ___ when it is finished.

A

increases, returns to normal size

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12
Q

The spleen ___ in much the way that lymphnodes filter lymph.

A

filter blood

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13
Q

What does the spleen do to old and damaged RBCs?

A

removes them from the circulating blood

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14
Q

The spleen, like the bone marrow, can…

A

produce new red blood cells.

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15
Q

The spleen is both hemo___ and hemo___.

A

-lytic, -poietic

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16
Q

What two components of the spleen are joined at the hilum?

A

superomedial and inferolateral

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17
Q

The fundus of stomach is ___ to the splenic hilum.

A

medial and anterior

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18
Q

The diaphragm is ___ to the spleen.

A

posterior, superior and lateral

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19
Q

The pancreas tail is ___ to the stomach.

A

posterior

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20
Q

The pancreas tail is ___ to the splenic hilum.

A

medial and anterior

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21
Q

The lesser sac is ___ to the splenic hilum.

A

medial and anterior

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22
Q

The left kidney is ___ to the spleen.

A

medial and inferior

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23
Q

The splenic parenchyma is ___geneous with ___ echoes.

A

homo-, uniform mid to low level

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24
Q

Name four reasons to u/s the spleen.

A
  1. show a mass and its composition
  2. show the disruption of the splenic texture or outline
  3. show its size
  4. show changes in masses
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25
Q

A spleen larger than ___ is considered splenomegaly.

A

12 cm

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26
Q

Mild to moderate splenomegaly is usually caused by…

A

infection, portal hypertension, or AIDs.

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27
Q

Marked splenomegaly is usually the result of…

A

leukemia, lymphoma, or mononucleosis.

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28
Q

Massive splenomegaly is seen in…

A

myelofibrosis.

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29
Q

This is the most frequently observed abnormality of the spleen.

A

splenomegaly

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30
Q

Name the five causes of splenomegaly.

A
  1. congestive
  2. hematologic
  3. infiltrative
  4. metabolic
  5. trauma
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31
Q

Congestive splenomegaly is secondary to ___ due to cirrhosis.

A

portal HTN. May also be caused by anemia.

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32
Q

This blood disorder of ‘uncontrolled RBC production’ causes hyperviscosity, hypercoagulation, and splenomegaly.

A

polycythemia vera

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33
Q

Polycythemia vera causes this kind of splenic condition.

A

hematologic splenomegaly

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34
Q

Leukemia and lymphoma can cause this kind of splenic condition.

A

infiltrative splenomegaly

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35
Q

Sonographically, this appears as a large homogeneous spleen. May contain round focal masses or nodules.

A

infiltrative splenomegaly

36
Q

Gaucher’s disease and Niemann-Pick disease can cause this kind of splenic condition.

A

metabolic cause

37
Q

Splenomegaly presents with these symptoms…

A
  1. LUQ pain due to the stretching of the capule

2. pressure on adjacent organs

38
Q

Name 4 kinds of splenic cysts.

A
  1. infectious
  2. post-traumatic
  3. primary congenital
  4. intrasplenic pancreatic pseudocyst
39
Q

This splenic condition may be caused by hydatid cysts or echinococcus.

A

infectious or parasitic cysts

40
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition can be identified by the calcifications in the cyst wall and the presence of ‘daughter cysts’.

A

infectious cysts

41
Q

What do infectious cysts need to be diagnosed besides history and background info?

A

percutaneous aspiration

42
Q

This splenic condition is usually due to the outcome of a hematoma due to trauma.

A

post-traumatic cysts

43
Q

Sonographically, these splenic cysts have no cellular lining.

A

pseudocysts (post-traumatic cysts)

44
Q

This splenic condition is rare and may be due to polycystic disease.

A

primary congenital cysts or epidermoid cysts

45
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears as cysts with a cellular lining (that may be calcified) and may contain low level echoes that can be choesterol crystals or debris.

A

primary congenital cysts

46
Q

This splenic condition is uncommon but is associated with a high mortality rate.

A

splenic abscess

47
Q

This splenic condition commonly occurs due to spread of infection, esp from infective endocarditis or stretococcus.

A

splenic abscess

48
Q

Clinically, this splenic condition presents with fever, pain, leukocytosis, and LUQ mass.

A

splenic abscess

49
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears variable with irregular borders.

A

splenic abscess

50
Q

This splenic condition is a traumatic abnormality associated with rib fractures.

A

hematoma

51
Q

This uncommon splenic condition often results from previous granulomatous infections.

A

solid masses or focal lesions

52
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears as focal, bright, echogenic lesions with or without shadowing.

A

solid masses or focal lesions

53
Q

The most common causes of granulomatous infection are…

A

histoplasmosis and tuberculosis

54
Q

Primary malignancies of the spleen are ___.

A

extremely rare

55
Q

This is the most common cause of splenic metastases.

A

malignant melanoma (followed by breast and lung cancer)

56
Q

This is the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen.

A

hemangiomas

57
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears as an isolated but variable neoplasm, much like it does in the liver.

A

hemangiomas

58
Q

This is a common cause of focal splenic lesions.

A

infarctions

59
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears as a peripheral, wedge-shaped lesion.

A

infarctions

60
Q

T/F? Splenic infarctions are hypoechoic.

A

FALSE, they’ll be hypoechoic when acute and hyperechoic when chronic.

61
Q

This splenic condition is commonly caused by bacterial endocarditis.

A

infarcts

62
Q

Splenic nodules can be caused by…

A

Gaucher’s disease
Schistosomiasis
Candidiasis

63
Q

This occurs with splenic trauma in which the capsule remains intact.

A

subcapsular or intraparenchymal hematoma

64
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears as a cresent shaped fluid collection inferior to the diaphragm.

A

subcapsular hematoma

65
Q

This occurs with splenic trauma in which the capsule ruptures.

A

perisplenic or intraperitoneal hematoma

66
Q

T/F? An enlarged spleen may rupture spontaneously.

A

true

67
Q

Clinically, this splenic condition presents as abd pain and tenderness. The patient may become lightheaded, confused, faint, or have blurred vision.

A

splenic rupture

68
Q

T/F? If the splenic vessels tear, death can occur within minutes.

A

true

69
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?

A

Referred pain in the shoulder’s tip from the collected splenic blood irritating the diaphragm.

70
Q

A ruptured spleen is typically caused by…

A

a blow to the LUQ or the left lower chest.

71
Q

This is the most significant complication of mononucleosis.

A

ruptured spleen

72
Q

Sonographically, this splenic condition appears as fluid in the lesser and greater sacs on both side of the gastrosplenic ligament. ‘butterfly sign’

A

ruptured spleen

73
Q

This is the autotransplantation of splenic tissue following splenic injury.

A

splenosis

74
Q

This condition results when splenic cells implant throughout the peritoneal cavity following a rupture.

A

ectopic spleens

75
Q

This is the most common splenic u/s finding in patients with AIDs.

A

moderate splenomegaly, seen in 50-70% of patients

76
Q

Focal lesions on the spleen may cause opportunistic infections like…

A
  1. candida
  2. pneumocystis carnii
  3. mycobacterium avium
  4. Kaposi’s sarcoma
  5. lymphoma
77
Q

This may be confused with enlarged lymhnodes around the spleen or with masses in the pancreas tail.

A

accessory spleen or splenunculi

78
Q

What percentage of people have an accessroy spleen?

A

25%

79
Q

T/F? An accessory spleen has an echogenicty identical to the spleen.

A

true

80
Q

This is an abnormal inferior displacement of the spleen.

A

splenic ptosis

81
Q

This splenic condition can be due to extreme weight loss, weak abdominal muscles and splenomegaly which would cause the ligaments to become dysfunctional.

A

splenic ptosis

82
Q

A wandering spleen is when…

A

the spleen in found lower in the abdominal cavity.

83
Q

A wandering spleen may be inclined to…

A

torsion.

84
Q

This describes an absent or underdeveloped spleen.

A

asplenia

85
Q

This term literally means multiple spleens.

A

polysplenia

Abdominal Scanning (11 decks)

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