Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BACTERIOLOGY > SPIROCHETES > Flashcards

SPIROCHETES Flashcards

1
Q

FAMILY- Leptospiraceae

FAMILY- Spirochaetaceae

A

GENUS- Leptospira

GENUS- Treponema, Borrelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what part of the spirochetes bacteria, flagella is located

A

Periplasmic space

  • periplasmic space is between outer membrane and protoplasmic cylinder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General structure of Spirochetes

A
  • slender, helically shaped
  • FREE LIVING
  • has periplasmic flagella (endoflagella)
  • can use CARBOHYDRATES, AMINO ACIDS,LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS, AND FATTY ALCOHOLS as energy sources.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mode of reproduction for Treponema spp.

A
  • Transverse fission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mode of reproduction for Leptospira and Borrelia

A
  • Binary fission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

General characteristic:

LEPTOSPIRES - L. interrogans

A
  • obligate aerobes
  • impregnated with SILVER STAIN
  • Visible by dark-field, phase-contrast, and immunofluorescent microscopy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following organisms can be demonstrated through dark-field microscopy and are obligate aerobes?

T. pallidum subsp. pallidum
B. recurrentis
L. interrogans

A
  • L. interrogans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Culture media of choice for L. interrogans

A

Artificial media:
Fletcher semisolid medium,
Stuart liquid medium or Ellinghausen-
McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) semisolid medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of providing a semi-solid medium for Leptospire spp.

A
  • to promote locomotion for the organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Virulence factors:

     Leptospire spp.
A
  • Hemolysin
  • may cause reduced phagocytosis in the host
  • sub-strains may produce endotoxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the usual incubation period of the Leptospire in the body

A
  • 10-12 days or 1-2 weeks

pinakadugay is 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This occurs in severe systemic disease of Leptospire infection

A
  • Weil disease

a bacterial infection and severe form of Leptospira
involves renal and hepatic failure
causes intravascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In serologic testing, in the first week of infection what Ab is increased

A
  • IgM

IgM antibodies to Leptospira species detected suggesting recent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In cases of infection IgG will start to increase when

A

secondary response in cases of:

- recovery from disease
- convalescence
- chronic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serologic test for Leptospira

A
  • ELISA (test to detect ab for infenction)

- Macroscopic Slide agglutination “gold standard”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does leptospiremia indicate

A
  • organism is able to penetrate vascular system

after one week of infection: collect blood and CSF for presence of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Specimen of choice:

Leptospires

A
  • fresh specimen

- urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drug of choice:

Leptospires

A

Susceptible in vitro to:
streotpmycin, etracyline and macrolides

MOST EFFECTIVE: PENICILLIN
shorten course of illness: doxycyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disease cause by Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease/ Lyme borreliosis

20
Q

Condition commonly associated with Borrelia spp.

A

Relapsing fever

Tick- borne (endemic)
Louse-borne (epidemic)

  • except B. burgdorferi
21
Q

Serologic testing:

Borrelia app.

A
  • seen in Bright-field microscopy using a blood smear stained in Giemsa or Wright stain.
22
Q

Giemsa/ Wright Stain components

A

eosin (red) and methylene blue (azure)

23
Q

Culture medium for Borrelia spp.

A
  • Kelly medium
24
Q

Way to evade phagocytosis: Virulence factor

Borrelia

A
  • complement suppression
  • antigenic variation

capable of binding plasminogen to its surface —-> activating plasmin —-> leading to tissue protein digestion

25
Q

Incubation period:

Borrelia spp.

A

2-15 days

  • ↑ temp, rigors, severe headache, muscle pain, and weakness
26
Q

3 stages of Lyme Disease

A
  • Early infection
    Erythema migrans appears
  • Dissemination
    2nd skin lesion
    lymphadenopathy/ spleenomegaly
    joint and bone pain
  • Latemanifestations
    cardiac and muscoloskeletal abnormality
    in moths to years: ARTHRITIS
27
Q

What disease complication is referred as skin lesion that develops at the tick bite site?

Chancre
Gumma
erythema migrans

A

erythema migrans

  • erythema (reddish) on the bite site
28
Q

General characteristic:

T. pallidum

A
  • thin, spiral

- visualized in DARK-FIELD

29
Q

Clinically significant spp of Treponema spp.

A 
• T. pallidum subsp. pallidum- venereal syphilis
• T. pallidum subsp. pertenue- YAWS
• T. pallidum subsp. Endemicum- endemic
syphilis (BEJEL)
• T. carateum- pinta
30
Q

T. pallidum spp. has the ability too _____ thus infecting the fetus in pregnant women (CONGENITAL SYPHILIS)

A
  • cross placenta and mucous membranes
31
Q

3 stages of venereal (sexually acquired) syphilis

A

Primary stage

  - occurs after incubation
  - appearance of CHANCRE -not painful

Secondary stage

 - occur after 2-12 weeks 
- Skin rashes and/or mucous membrane lesions (sores in the mouth, vagina, or anus) 
 - condyloma latum
 - most critical

Tertiary stage

- painful skin lesion - GUMMA
- neurosyphilis
32
Q

where do Treponema pallidum usually resides in the human body

A

Women: vagina and cervix
Men: Penis

33
Q

In which stage of syphilis is diagnosis only performed by using serological methods?

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Latent

A
  • Lattent (?)

since no symptoms are seen during this stage

34
Q

Specimen of choice:

Treponema pallidum

A
  • serous transudateput in slide —-> dillute in saline—> for viewing in DF microscopy
35
Q

Serologic testing:

Non- treponemal test

A

Non- treponemal

  • initial testng
  • detects REAGENIC (form against lipids from damaged cells) antibodies
  • VDRL & RPR (uses charcoal particles as indicator)
36
Q

Serologic testing:

Treponemal test

A

Treponemal test

  • confirmatory for (+) non-treponemal test
  • detect Abs specific for antigens
  • TP-PA (T. pallidum particulate agglutination) & FTA- ABS (flourescent treponemal abs absorption)
37
Q

Which of the following test uses charcoal particles as indicator to enhance reaction and can be read macroscopically?

VDRL
EIA
FTA-ABS
RPR

A
  • RPR (rapid plasma reagin)

agglutination of black particles

38
Q

Serologic testing:

Treponemal test- TP-PA

A

T. pallidum particulate agglutination

   - uses gelatin particles sensitized with T. pallidum antigens
39
Q

Serologic testing:

Treponemal test- FTA- ABS

A

Flourescent treponemal abs absorption

 - uses flourescent labeled antihuman Abs
40
Q

Choice of Drug:

Syphilis

A
  • PENICILLIN
41
Q

What is the causative agent of bejel?

T. pallidum subsp. endemicum
T. pallidum subsp. pallidum
T. carateum

A

T. pallidum subsp. endemicum/ BEJEL

T. pallidum subsp. pallidum - causes venereal syphilis
T. carateum - causes PINTA

42
Q

Which of the following organisms causes complement suppression? and what chemical causes such reaction? (for 2 points) *

L. interrogans; hemolysin
Hemolysin; B. burgdorferi
B. burgdorferi; urokinase-type plasminogen activator
urokinase-type plasminogen activator; L. interrogans

A

B. burgdorferi; urokinase-type plasminogen activator

  • Hemolysin; B. burgdorferi
    hemolysin is for L. interrogans
  • urokinase-type plasminogen activator; L. interrogans
    urokinase is for B. burgdorferi
43
Q

Which of the following test uses antibodies that develop against lipids from damaged cells?

FTA-ABS
RPR
TP-PA

A

RPR

FTA- is flourescence
TP- PA uses gelatin

44
Q

What is the incubation period of Primary syphilis? *

1-3 months after infection
1-3 months afters showing the appearance of chancre
1 year after generalized lymphadenopathy

A

1-3 months after infection

45
Q

Which of the following is the mode of detection of pathogenic leptospires?

Direct staining
Intravital staining
Impregnation

A

Impregnation using SIlver stain

BACTERIOLOGY (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions