Spirituality 2.0 Flashcards by Thea Jamali

is generally thought to refer to the human tendency to seek meaning & purpose in life, inner peace and acceptance, forgiveness and harmony, hope, beauty, and so forth.

Spirituality

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is usually applied to ritualistic practices & organized beliefs.

Religion

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a person who doubts the existence of God or a Supreme Being or believes the existence of God has not been proved.

Agnostic

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is one without belief in a deity.

A nursing study of atheists’ preferences for nursing care found that respondents wanted to be respected for their nonbelief and not have clinicians refer to God or offer prayer.

Atheist

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refers to “a disturbance in the belief or value system that provides strength, hope, and meaning to life

Spiritual Distress

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Examples of defining characteristics of spiritual distress:

Expresses lack of hope, meaning of life, inadequate acceptance of self

Expresses feeling abandoned or anger toward power greater than self

Refuse interaction with significant others

Exhibits sudden changes in spiritual practices

Requests (or refused) to interact with a spiritual leader

Has no interest in nature or in reading spiritual literature.

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often portrayed as the opposite of spiritual distress. thought to not occur by chance, but by choice.

Spiritual Health

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results when individuals intentionally seek to strengthen their spiritual muscles, as it were, through various spiritual disciplines.

Spiritual health

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It refers to the spiritual beliefs or ways of thinking that help people cope with their challenges.

Spiritual or Religious Coping

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negative religious coping is associated with?

maladaptation

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positive religious coping helps clients

adapt to illness,

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Theories of human development

physical, cognitive, moral and also spiritual development

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it is necessary to appreciate how spirituality & religiosity evolve with?

age & life experience.

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involves in evaluating the beliefs and religiosity of authority figures to form beliefs & practices that are meaningful for them.

teens & young adults

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Guidelines for nurses is by?

Winslow & Wehtje-Winslow (2007)

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Observing guidelines for what in spiritual caregiving is essential.

ethical conduct

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Solemn religious observances & feast days throughout the year. May include fasting or special foods, reflection, rituals, and prayer.

Holy Days

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Who are exempted from such requirements of holy days?

seriously ill

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common to both Christians & Jews, in response to biblical commandment “Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy.”

Concept of Sabbath

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observe the “Lord’s Day” on Sunday

Christians

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observe Saturday as their Sabbath.

Jews & sabbatarian Christians (e.g., Seventh- Day Adventists)

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traditionally gather on Friday at noon to worship & learn about their faith.

Muslims

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include jewelry, medals, amulets, icons, totems, or body ornamentation (e.g., tattoos) that carry religious or spiritual significance.

Sacred Symbols

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May be worn to pronounce one’s faith, to remind the practitioner of the faith, to provide spiritual protection, or to be a source of comfort or strength.

Sacred Symbols

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Involves humans pleading or experiencing the divine Inner experience for gaining awareness of self

Prayer

The act of focusing one’s thoughts or engaging in self-reflection or contemplation.

Meditation

through this, one can influence or control physical & psychological functioning & the course of illness.

deep meditation

4 Types/Categories of Prayer Experience

Ritual Petitionary Colloquial Meditational

There may be rules about which foods & beverages are allowed and which are prohibited.

Beliefs Affecting Diet

It is important that health care providers prescribe diet plans with an awareness of the client’s dietary & fasting beliefs.

Beliefs Affecting Diet

Clients may have religious beliefs that attribute illness to a?

spiritual disease or sin.

Some clients may ascribe disease to the innate presence of.

sin & evil

In religions they believe that disease is a?

punishment for sin in their past.

They cover their hair with a wig or scarf as a sign of respect to God.

Orthodox Jewish women

They wear temple undergarments in compliance with religious dictates.

Mormons

imperative that they not shave their sideburns.

Hasidic Jewish men

imperative that they not shave any hair.

Khalsa Sikh

What religions the birth of a child is an important event giving cause for celebration.

All

These beliefs play a significant role in the believer’s approach to death.

Spiritual & religious beliefs

religious beliefs may influence these choices, whether to seek hospice care or have an advanced care plan.

end-of-life care choices

The nurse can support the family of the deceased by providing?

an environment conducive

initial response to discomfort “Pagwawalang Bahala”

Denial

“Bahala Na”

Fatalistic Resignation

Other Responses to Stress or Getting ILL

1. Shock 2. Fear & Anxiety 3. Shame & Guilt

Factors Affecting Spiritual Needs

1. Crisis (Spiritual) 2. Support System 3. Religion 4. Hospitalization during Religious Holidays

Spiritual Responses to Stress/Crisis

1. Spiritual Pain 2. Spiritual Alienation 3. Spiritual Anxiety 4. Spiritual Guilt 5. Spiritual Anger 6. Spiritual Loss 7. Spiritual Despair

Areas of Concern in Assessing Spiritual Needs

1. Person’s source of strength & hope. 2. Person’s concept of God. 3. Significance of religious practices & rituals to the person. 4. Person’s perceived relationship, spiritual belief, & state of health.

Rituals, practices, and experiences involving a search for the sacred. Shared within a group.

Religion

A search for meaning and purpose in life. Seeks to understand life’s ultimate questions in relation to the sacred.

Spirituality

Defining Characteristics: –Formal –Organized – Group-oriented – Ritualistic – Objective

Religion

Defining Characteristics: –Informal –Non-rganized –Self-Reflection –Experience –Subjective

Spirituality

Active and ongoing conversation that assesses the spiritual needs of the client. –Formal or informal Respectful Non-biased

Spiritual Assessment

Addressing the spiritual needs of the client as they unfold through spiritual assessment. Individualistic Client Oriented Collaborative

Spiritual Care

Role of religion & spirituality in health Self-understanding of spirituality

Spiritual Assessment & Nursing Care

Techniques of Spiritual Assessment

Formal Technique Informal Technique

Non-formal yet Systematic Approach assessment tool

FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool

FICA

F: Faith and beliefs I: Importance and influence C: Community A: Address

A formal instrument assessment tool

Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale

is a part of human existence, but the inward death of the self and senses leads to a state beyond suffering and existence

Suffering - Buddhism

may be seen as a unique opportunity to reflect on life's ultimate meaning and the meaning of one's relation with the world. Therefore, it is important that medication does not interfere with consciousness.

terminal illness - Buddhism

Prayer and meditation are used for cleansing and healing.

Buddhism

Life is the opportunity to cultivate understanding, compassion, and joy for self and others. Death is associated with rebirth. Serene surroundings are important to the dignity of dying

Buddhism

Many are strict vegetarians. Some holy days include fasting from dawn to dusk but considerations are allowed for the frail and elderly for whom fasting could create problems.

Buddhism

(oneness with God) is the primary purpose of the religion. Many have an altar in their home for worship.

Nirvana, Hinduism

Illness is the result of past and current life actions . The right hand is seen as holy, and eating and intervention (IV) needs to be with the right hand to promote clean healing.

Karma - Hinduism

Death marks a passage because the soul has no beginning or end. At death the soul may be reborn as another person and one's Karma is carried forward. It is important for Karma to leave this life with as little negativity as possible to insure a better life next birth. Holy water and basil leaves may be placed on the body; sacred threads may be tied around wrists or neck. The deceased arms should be straightened.

Hinduism

Mohammed is believed to be the greatest of all prophets. Worship occurs in a mosque. Prayer occurs five times a day:dawn. sunrise. noon.afternoon, sunset, and evening. Prayers are done facing east toward the sacred place in Mecca

Islamic

Death is seen as predetermined.

Islamic

Views illnesses as a natural process

Christianity

includes religious beliefs and a philosophy for a code of ethics with four major groupings of Jewish beliefs: Reform, Reconstructionist, Conservative, and Orthodox. Prayer shawls are common and are often passed between generations of family. The clergy are known as Rabbi.

Judaism

Restrictions related to work on holy days are removed to save a life. However, tests, signa-tures, and assessments for medical needs that can be scheduled to avoid holy days are appreciated

Judaism

Psalms and the last prayer of confession () are held at bedside. At death, arms are not crossed; any clothing or bandages with client's blood should be prepared for burial with the person. It is important that the whole person be buried together.

Vidui - Judaism

Orthodox or Kosher involves no mixing of meat with dairy; separate cooking and eating utensils are used for food preparation and consumption. Kosher laws include special slaughter and food handling. "Keeping Kosher" is predominantly an Orthodox practice. When food has passed Kosher laws of preparation, a symbol (K) appears on the label. Many holy days include a fasting period

Judaism