NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards
Is the degree to w/c individual’s psychological need for nutrients is being met by food he/she is eating.
Nutritional Status or Nutriture
The degree of balance b/n nutrient intake & nutrient requirement.
Nutritional Status or Nutriture
Methods that Provide DIRECT Information
- Anthropometric Measurement
- Biochemical Assessment or Examination
- Biophysical Technique or Radiological Measurements
- Clinical Assessment/Examination
- Dietary Evaluation/Assessment
Methods that Provide INDIRECT Information
- Food Consumption Studies
- Studies on health conditions and vital
statistics - Studies on food supply situation
- Studies on socio-economic conditions
- Studies on cultural and anthropological influences
Methods of Assessing Dietary Intake
- 24-Hour Recall
- Food Frequency Questionnaire
- Dietary History (since early life)
- Food Diary
- Observation of Food Intake
Significance of Nutritional Assessment 24-Hour Recall
- First essential in nutritional planning.
- Provides data and information for planning and evaluation.
- Helps define priorities and responsibilities of public health system at the national, regional, provincial, city, municipal, & barangay levels
deals with the examination of changes that can be seen or felt in superficial tissues such as skin, hair, eyes,
Clinical Assessment
Advantages of Clinical Assessment
- More coverage in a short time
- Inexpensive, no need for sophisticated equipment
Protein – Energy Malnutrition
Marasmus (dry form)
Kwashiorkor (edematous form)
Marasmic kwashiorkor
An impairment of night vision. May be treated by supplementation of the daily diet with Vitamin A.
Xerophthalmia
low hemoglobin
Anemia
Enlargement of the thyroid glands due to its need for iodine.
If iodine is in short supply, the gland grows to try and offset the deficit.
Obvious neck swelling makes the disease easy to diagnose.
Goiter
a.Magenta red tongue
b.Sores at the angle of the mouth and folds of the nose
c.Itching and scaling of the skin around the nose, mouth, scrotum, forehead, ears, scalp & others
Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin Deficiency
estimation of time desaturation, enzyme activity or blood composition.
Results are generally compared to standards i.e., normal levels for age & sex.
Biochemical Assessment
Tests are confined to two fairly easily
obtainable fluids for biochemical assessment.
Blood and urine
Index of dietary adequacy under protein for Biochemical assessment.
Urea N/ crea ratio
Ratio of four indispensable amino acids and four indispensable amino acids in serum by paper chromatography
High ( 5-10) in kwashiorkor and low (less than 2) in well-fed children
Amino acid imbalance test
Low (0.5-1.5) in clinically malnourished children; normal: 2.0 to 5.0
Hydroxyproline excretion in random urine
Lowered in severe protein depletion
Guide to Interpretation (g/100mL)
High 4.25; Acceptable 3.52 – 4.24 ; Low 2.80 – 3.51; Deficient less than 2.80
Serum Albumin
Cyanmethamoglobin method by spectrophotometry
A.O hemoglobinometer – simple technique, handy
Others: Sahli’s; Talquuist; Copper sulfate specific gravity method
Hemoglobin determination
Hematocrit A measure of red cell volume
Obtained from a finger prick
Hematocrit
Values below means anemia exist
6 mos to 6 years =11
6 years to 14 years =12
Adult males =13
Adult females – non pregnant =12
Adult females – pregnant =11
reflects prolonged severe dietary deficiency – probably up to 1 year in adults and up to 4 months in young children
Low Serum Vitamin A
Serum Vitamin A and serum carotene level by
spectrophotometry using micro and macro methods
These tests are used in specific studies, where additional information regarding change in the bone or muscular performance is required. Radiological methods have been used in studying the change of bones in rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and scurvy.
Biophysical Technique
there is widened concave(cupped) rarified, frayed distal end of long bones usually the radius and ulna.
active rickets
