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WK 4 > Spirituality > Flashcards

Spirituality Flashcards

1
Q

(blank) of all kinds treated the illnesses and injuries that people received through addressing the gods/spirits on a person’s behalf through rituals, herbs, potions, casting out of demons, advising people on the steps necessary to right the balance of their lives. In addition they set bones and delivered babies.

A

Priests/priestesses and shamans

(find references in the torah about treating leprosy

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2
Q

Who had an ancient homeostasis concept? What is it?

A

Aboriginal/native spirituality.

Health or lack of it is based in the “life in balance” or “life out of balance” determinations

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3
Q

During what times did we have a linkage of illness (physical and mental) to sin?

A

Hebraic and Christian times

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4
Q

During what century in Western Europe, were physicians drawn from clergy in monastic communiites?

A

5th century

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5
Q

In the west, the (blank) was the first institution to set up hospitals-places for the care of the sick.

A

churches

*still do it today i.e. St. Marys)

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6
Q

During what year did the Catholic church grant the first medical licenses.

A

1140 AD

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7
Q

During what period did Western medicine separate the mind from the body? Who started this?

A

Middle ages

Rene Descartes

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8
Q

In the middle ages, (blank) agreed to accept flesh and bone as the province of physicians, while the (blank) claimed possession of the mind, insisting it was the creation of the soul.

A

Rene Descartes, the Catholic Church

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9
Q

When did the human treatment of mental illness gain ground? When were methods still questioned until?

A

1800s, 1950s and still somewhat today

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10
Q

In historic (blank), body, mind and spirit were historically considered interrelated through concepts of Chi and Prana (“life force”)

A

Asia

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11
Q

In historic Asia, what were illnesses and disease seen as?

A

imbalances of the flow (circulation) of energy

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12
Q

Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and energy balancing techniques are all grounded in what principle?

A

imbalances of the flow (circulation) of energy

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13
Q

During what century did science become an established dogma of its own?

A

20th century

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14
Q

Currently, the success of healing must be proven though what?

A

randomized, double-blind, fully controlled studies.

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15
Q

If the success of healing is not proven via randomized, double-blind or fully controlled studies it is considered (blank).

A

suspect

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16
Q

When was the First Flexner report and what did he suggest?

A

1910, that medicine should function on a scientific model of evidence for treatment

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17
Q

Who was George Engel?

A

Proposed bio-psycho-social model in 1977

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18
Q

Who thought spirituality was bunk but then changed his mind?

A

Ellis

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19
Q

Who worked with transpersonal psychology but moved on to integrated approaches?

A

Ken Wilber

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20
Q

During what years is there a body of literature on religion and spirituality and physical and mental health?

A

post 2000

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21
Q

Chronologically explain the history of spirituality and medicine.

A

priest/priestesses/shamans (gods/spirits/setting bones)->aboriginal/native spirituality (life balance)->Hebraic/Christian times( linkage of illness to sin)->Western Europe 5th century (physicians drawn from clergy)->West (churches make hospitals)->1140AD church gives out medical license-> 1596-1650 Accept flesh and bone as province of physicians Catholic Church claimed mind=soul->1800-1950 creating humane treatment for mental health->Asia mind/body/soul is one, CHI= life force need balance of flow.->20th century science becomes established dogma (healing needs proof)->1910 first flexner report (suggestsmedicine based on scientific principles)->George Engel 1977 BPS model->post 2000 body of literature connectign spirituality with health

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22
Q

What is internal to the individual, a personal belief structure, and personal interpretation of the “rules”, quest for meaning and purpose, sense of connectedness, community varies widely, reflection, based upon individual experience?

A

spirituality

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23
Q

What is based on a collections of knowledge in holy books/sacred texts, physical structures built for worship-churches,mosques,temples, external activities proscribed by religious organizations, set doctrine ritual and traditions, funding generated to perpetuate the institution, administrative hierarchies, based upon collective experience?

A

Religion

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24
Q

(blank) includes areas like Secular Humanism, art and nature, appreciation of beauty and a moral life well lived.

A

spirituality

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25
Q

When is spiritual discussion welcome?

A

A patient is seriously ill with the possibility of dying, a patient is newly diagnosed with or suffering from a serious acute or chronic illness,a patient is suffering from grief over the loss of loved one

26
Q

In the study by McCord at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, what percentage of patients wanted physicians to inquire about spiritual beliefs in at least some circumstances?

A

83%

27
Q

What are challenges to research involving spirituality?

A

defining what to measure, asking a researchable question, the control group, all religions are not same, confounding factors

28
Q

What are some confounding factors in the challenges of researching spirituality?

A

socioeconomic status, genetic differences among religious sects, dietary habits and restrictions, and gender differences

29
Q

Researchers recognize that a caregiver’s belief or disbelief in a given therapy can significantly alter a patient’s response to treatment; otherwise there would be no need for (blank).

A

double blind studies

30
Q

What areas have been researched about spirituality and religions?

A

religious service attendance and health status, Prayer by type or times per day, spirituality or religiousity scale developement, mediation, coping strategy for stress, psychoneuroimmunology, health effects of lifestyles prescribed by various faiths (most are surveys of opinions)

31
Q

What is a mnemonic to take a good spiritual history? What does the mnemonic stand for?

A

FICA. Faith and belief, Importance, Community, Address in Care

32
Q

You should ask spiritual/religious questions more than once if a patient’s(blank) changes.

A

status

33
Q

Studies have shown that physicians will make different choices for themselves than what is offered to (blank).

A

patients

34
Q

Physicians often keep their religious and professional worlds separate but they tend to do what?

A

not offer patients a procedure that they do not believe in themselves. i.e. abortions, HPV immunizations to under age girls.

35
Q

What is the first important questions to ask to a patient when discussing faith/spirituality?

A

Does the patient have a faith tradition or system of spiritual beliefs that is important to him/her

36
Q

What is the second most important question to ask to a patient when discussing faith/spirituality?

A

How will the patient’s beliefs impact the decisions he/she will make about medical care

37
Q

What are the guidelines used for dealing with conflict between psychiatrist’s religious views and psychiatric practice?

A

Maintain respect for patients (gather info about religion/belief to provide care)
Do not impose your beliefs on the patient (do not proselytize (preach))
Do not substitute religious concepts or ritual for accepted diagnostic concepts or therapeutic practice.

38
Q

Who besides patients suffer when patients suffer?

A

health care professionals

39
Q

When do healthcare professional suffer about patients?

A

When they relapse, get worse or die bcuz of treatment, are unable to attain or sustain the goals we have all agreed upon

40
Q

What kind of feelings do physicians experience due to problems with patients?

A

incompetence, guilt, shame, sadness, and other discomfort, loss or grief

41
Q

Beta-thalassemia is a (blank)-(blank) issue.

A

cross-cultural

42
Q

It is not necessary to involved (blank) of the locale, but it is very helpful to do so when dealing with serious genetic disorders.

A

religious organizations

43
Q

What are three ways a physician can deal with the stressors of the job?

A

Think about how you would react to certain situations, use your spiritual/religious goals to cope with stress, meeting and debriefing with colleagues can be helpful

44
Q

Where is beta-thalassemia mostly found?

A

africa and mediterranean

45
Q

Why are thalassemias prevalent in certain areas of the world?

A

Malarial parasite doesn’t flourish well in microcytic cells that are generated by thalassemias

46
Q

What is the first step in successful programs that deal with serious genetic orders?

A

identify the targets most likely affects

47
Q

Utilizing healthcare communities, relgious and governmental agencies are useful for what?

A

developing a successful program that deals with serious genetic disorders

48
Q

You should identify (blank) for individuals in the society who screen positive for serious genetic disorders.

A

acceptable options

49
Q

What is great way to raise awareness of a program that is aimed at dealing with serious genetic disorders?

A

Public education

50
Q

How should a prevention campaign be conducted?

A

through screening and genetic counseling

51
Q

Early on in the (1950s-1970s) the rcc was (blank) about the thalassemia problem

A

not interested

52
Q

During the 1950s-1970s, communities that were tied closely to watch organization had higher rates of thalassemia?

A

Roman Catholic Church

53
Q

In the 1958, what happened to the Roman Catholic Church and how did it effect thalassemia prevalance?

A

it decided to help with reducing thalassemia. While thalassemia is less prevalaent than before here, it is even less prevalent in non-catholic regions

54
Q

What did the Roman Catholic Church in italyand Sardinia decide?

A

pre-marital blood tests and medical exams were recommended and could be imposed, recommended carriers not marry, advise against carriers not having children.

55
Q

What did the Pope Pius XII say would be difficult to reconcile the 2 points of view of?

A

eugenic and moral

56
Q

The eastern orthodox church decided what was immoral and what was moral regarding genetics?

A

Abortion is immoral, contraceptives is allowed, genetic counseling and screening is fine, we need to care for ourselves

57
Q

What did the Eastern Orthodox Church in Cyprus require?

A

marriage candidates produce a certificate stating that beta-thalassemia carrier testing had been carried out and couple had received counseling/advice

58
Q

What did the Eastern Orthdox Church in cyprus contribute to?

A

The thalassemia center at a local women’s and children; clinic

59
Q

The eastern orthodox church would not (blank) an engagement nor marry a couple without a certificate about beta-thalassemia status.

A

bless

60
Q

(blank) should know the points of view of their local religious organizations and be familiar with the argument on all sides.

A

physicians

61
Q

Don’t assume that the (blank) won’t find some way to help you when a serious illness is rampant in the population.

A

local religious organizations

WK 4 (7 decks)

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