Spine & Trunk

Question 1

The vertebral column has ____ bony segments.

Answer 1

33

Question 2

The mandible is at this vertebral level.

Answer 2

C2-C3

Question 3

What vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 3

C6

Question 4

What vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 4

C4-C5

Question 5

The hyoid bone is at this vertebra level.

Answer 5

C3

Question 6

At T8 the _________ pierces the diaphragm.

Answer 6

inferior vena cava

Question 7

The xiphisternal junction is at this vertebral level.

Answer 7

T10

Question 8

At T12…

Answer 8

the aorta pierces the diaphragm

Question 9

This is found at the L1 level.

Answer 9

End of conus medullaris (spinal cord)

Question 10

The subcostal plane is found at this vertebral level.

Answer 10

L3

Question 11

The umbilicus is found at this vertebral level.

Answer 11

L3-L4

Question 12

The iliac crest is found at this vertebral level.

Answer 12

L4

Question 13

This is found at the S2 vertebral level.

Answer 13

End of dura sac (matter)

Question 14

Lordosis of the cervical spine occurs at what age?

Answer 14

2-3 months old

Question 15

Lordosis at the lumbar spine develops at what age?

Answer 15

10-12 months old

Question 16

This transmits compressive forces to vertebral end plates.

Answer 16

vertebral body

Question 17

This transmits bending forces and tenson from the posterior elements to the vertebral bodies.

Answer 17

pedicles

Question 18

These are the lateral projections that serve as an attachment for muscles and ligaments.

Answer 18

transverse process

Question 19

This has 2 superior and 2 inferior processes + zygapophyseal facets. It resists shear, compressive and torsional forces

Answer 19

articular process

Question 20

This is the “central portion of the arch”

Answer 20

lamina

Question 21

These are the posterior projections

Answer 21

spinous process

Question 22

What is the function of the pars interarticularis

Answer 22

transmits forces from articular/transvers/spinous process to the pedicles

Question 23

What is the passage way and protection of the spinal cord formally known as?

Answer 23

vertebral foramen

Question 24

What is the function of vertebral notches?

Answer 24

forms intervertebral foramen w/ adjacent vertebra

Question 25

Where does the spinal nerve roots and associated vessels pass?

Answer 25

intervertebral foramen

Question 26

What parts of the VC are included at the upper cervical region?

Answer 26

occipital condyle + C1 & C2

Question 27

What parts of VC are included at the lower cervical region?

Answer 27

C3-C7

Question 28

This vertebrae has a transverse foramen on each transverse process. Also its spinous process gets longer and are bifid except at its 7th level.

Answer 28

cervical vertebrae

Question 29

Which cervical vertebrae has no body or spinous process?

Answer 29

atlas (C1)

Question 30

What is the strongest cervical vertebra?

Answer 30

axis (C2)

Question 31

Which cervical vertebra has a non-bifid process and has a small vertebral canal?

Answer 31

Vertebra prominens (C7)

Question 32

Which thoracic vertebrae are considered typical?

Answer 32

T5-T8

Question 33

What is the largest vertebra in the body?

Answer 33

L5

Question 34

The sacral vertebrates fuses at what age?

Answer 34

20 years old

Question 35

How many pairs of dorsal and ventral foramina does the sacrum have?

Answer 35

4

Question 36

The inferior 3 coccygeal vertebrae fuses at what age?

Answer 36

midlife

Question 37

The vertebral body of the ______ region is large and kidney shaped.

Answer 37

lumbar

Question 38

This vertebra has a long and downward spinous process.

Answer 38

thoracic

Question 39

This vertebra has a large spinal canal.

Answer 39

cervical

Question 40

This vertebra has a triangular spinal canal.

Answer 40

lumbar

Question 41

How many intervertebral discs does the VC have?

Answer 41

23

Question 42

What is the "water balloon" structure of the intervertebral column?

Answer 42

nucleus pulposus

Question 43

What are the components of nucleus pulposus?

Answer 43

type 2 collagen + water

Question 44

What are the components of annulus fibrosus?

Answer 44

type 1 collagen + water

Question 45

What do you call the fibrous outer ring of an intervertebral disc?

Answer 45

annulus fibrosus

Question 46

What is the cartilaginous layer covering the inferior and superior surface of the disc?

Answer 46

vertebral end plate

Question 47

What ribs are classified as "true ribs"?

Answer 47

ribs 1-7 (articulates w/ sternum)

Question 48

What ribs are classified as "false ribs"?

Answer 48

ribs 8-10 (articulates w/ costal cartilage)

Question 49

Floating ribs articulate with what?

Answer 49

vertebrae only

Question 50

What are the components of the sternum?

Answer 50

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 51

Flexion is greatest at which region of the spine?

Answer 51

cervical

Question 52

Extension is greatest at which region of the spine?

Answer 52

lumbar

Question 53

What motion do true ribs exhibit?

Answer 53

pump handle motion

Question 54

What motion do false ribs exhibit?

Answer 54

bucket handle motion

Question 55

What motion do floating ribs exhibit?

Answer 55

caliper motion

Question 56

What fascia encloses the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 56

rectus sheath

Question 57

What is the subcutaneous band of fibrous tissue that connects the right rectus sheath and left rectus sheath?

Answer 57

linea alba

Question 58

What fascia has 3 layers and covers the spine?

Answer 58

thoracolumbar sheath

Question 59

What fascia covers the psoas major muscle and thickens superiorly to form the medial arcuate ligament?

Answer 59

psoas fascia