Knee Joint Complex Flashcards
1
Q
The knee is what kind of joint?
A
complex
2
Q
What are the three bones that compromises the knee?
A
femur, tibia, patella
3
Q
What are the functions of the knee?
A
- can support body weight in erect position without muscle activity
- plays a primary role in lowering and elevating body weight (e.g. squat)
- important role in walking and running (esp. distributing forces)
4
Q
What type of bone is the femur?
A
long bone
5
Q
What part of the femur is important in the knee joint complex?
A
distal
6
Q
What is the longest, largest, and heaviest bone of the body?
A
femur
7
Q
Where does the femur articulate?
A
acetabulum of pelvis & tibia
8
Q
The medial condyle is _____ and extends more distally in the femur.
A
larger
9
Q
Why is the medial condyle larger than the lateral condyle at the femur?
A
for alignment
10
Q
Where does the cruciate ligaments pass?
A
intercondylar fossa
11
Q
What bone is also referred to as the “shin bone”?
A
tibia
12
Q
The plateaus (tibia) articulates with what?
A
femoral condyle
13
Q
Why is the medial plateau found in the tibia larger than the lateral plateau?
A
Medial knee bears more pressure when standing
14
Q
Where does the quadriceps muscle tendon distally attach?
A
tibial tuberosity
15
Q
What is the importance of the tibial fossa?
A
where the proximal fibula attaches
16
Q
What is the largest sesamoid bone?
A
Patella
17
Q
When does the patella ossify?
A
3-5 yrs old (when they start to walk)
18
Q
What separates the facets of the patella?
A
vertical ridge
19
Q
What is the function of the patella?
A
- increase leverage for torque (specifically knee extensors)
- provides protection to the distal joint surface
- decreases pressure + distribute force
- prevent compression forces
20
Q
What are the three facets of the patella?
A
medial, lateral, odd
21
Q
The knee capsule is absent where?
A
front part of the knee
22
Q
The knee capsule is strengthened on each side of the patella by what tendons?
A
vastus lateralis tendon & vastus medialis tendon
23
Q
The knee capsule is strengthened behind by which ligament?
A
oblique popliteal ligament
24
Q
What are the knee joint’s articulating surfaces?
A
medial tibiofemoral joint, lateral tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint
25
What are the movement of the tibiofemoral joint?
flexion & extension + rotation
26
What are the ligaments at the tibiofemoral joint?
collateral, cruciate, arcuate, oblique****
27
The medial collateral ligament protects against what kind of force?
valgus
28
What kind of force does the lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament protect against?
varus
29
The cruciate ligament is extracapsular. T/F?
F. its intracapsular
30
What ligament in the knee is the most commonly injured?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
31
What is the posterior cruciate ligament's orientation?
superior, anterior, medial (SAM)
32
What is the anterior cruciate ligament's orientation?
anteriorly, medially, and distally to the tibia****
33
Why is the PCL less likely to be injured than the ACL?
Because it is thicker and stronger
34
The cruciate ligaments provide what kind of stability?
anteroposterior stability
35
What muscle is derived from the semimembranosus muscle?
tendinous expansion of the oblique popliteal ligament
36
What is menisci?
a fibrocartilage that deepens the joint's socket (i.e. congruency) to add stability
note: shock absorption, cushion between femur & tibia
37
The menisci becomes _______ as it continues towards the center?
thinner
38
What is the only bony attachment(s) of the menisci?
horns (moves when knee moves)
39
What type of joint is the patellofemoral joint?
plane joint
40
What is the function of the patellar ligament?
provides inferior stabilization
41
Where does the patellar ligament attach?
patella and tibial tuberosity
42
What muscles provide lateral stabilization to the patella?
iliotibial band and vastus lateralis
43
What muscles provide medial stabilization to the patella?
vastus medialis obliques
44
What muscles provide superior stabilization to the patella?
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius
45
The superficial and deep retinacula provide what kind of stabilization?
lateral
46
Which is more mobile: medial or lateral meniscus?
lateral meniscus
47
What are the ligament attachments of the medial meniscus?
ACL, MCL
48
What are the ligament attachments of the lateral meniscus?
PCL
49
What ligament protects the anterior displacement of the tibia?
ACL
50
Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?
beneath quadriceps muscle
51
What bursas can be found in the anterior portion?
suprapatellar, prepatellar, superficial infrapatellar, and deep infrapatellar bursa
52
The popliteal bursa and semimembranosus bursa is found in what part?
posterior
53
Knee extensors are located where?
anterior part
54
What muscles are under "knee extensors"
quadriceps femoris group, articularis genu
55
What is the function of the articularis genu?
pulls the joint capsule superiorly as the knee extends
56
Knee flexors are located where?
posterior
57
What muscles are involved in flexing the knee?
hamstrings, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus, gracilis, sartorius
58
Where is the insertion of the tibial medial rotators?
medial side of tibia
59
Medial rotation of the tibia occurs during what movement?
knee flexion
60
What muscle is responsible for the lateral rotation of the tibia?
biceps femoris
60
Q angles is formed by what?
the quadriceps muscles and patella
60
Lateral rotation of the tibia occurs during what movement?
knee extension
61
What is considered excessive when measuring the Q angle?
20 degrees
61
What is the normal angle for the Q angle?
13-18 degrees
62
What is the angled formed by the femur and tibia?
tibiofemoral angle
63
What is considered the normal range for the tibiofemoral angle?
170-175 degrees
64
What is the diamond shaped intermuscular space at the back of the knee?
popliteal fossa
65
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery, popliteal vein, popliteal nerve
66
What muscle is found at the upper lateral side of the popliteal fossa?
biceps femoris
67
The tibiofemoral angle is resulted from what?
adducted position of the femoral shaft
68
What condition occurs when there is a compressive force that is exerted on the medial side of the knee?
Genu Varum
69
What innervates the knee and passes the popliteal fossa?
popliteal nerve
70
The _______ cruciate ligament protects our knees from hyperextending.
anterior
71
The knee capsule is present in all sides except which side?
anterior (front)
71
What structure deepens the tibiofemoral joint?
menisci
72
Which side of the tibial plateau bears more weight?
medial plateau
73
When does the external rotation of the tibia happen?
knee extension
74
The menisci moves when together together with the knee. What structure in the menisci allows for this to happen?
horns of the menisci
75
The rectus femoris isa two jointed muscle because it _____ the hips and _____ the knees.
flexes; extends
76
What is the diamond shaped intermuscular space at the back of the knee?
popliteal fossa
77
What muscle pulls the joint capsule superiorly as the knee extends?
articularis genu
78
What muscles are part of the hamstrings group?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
79
Medial rotation of the tibia happens during what occasion?
knee extension
80
What landmarks should we refer to when looking for the Q angle?
ASIS. Midpoint of Patella, Tibial Tuberosity
81
A Genu Varum with a tibiofemoral angle of more than 170 degrees (measured at the medial side) will exhibit what kind of leg abnormality?
bowleg
82
What condition of the legs has a Q angle closer to 0?
Genu Varum
83
What condition of the legs has an excessive Q angle?
Genu Valgum
84
Which cruciate ligament protects the posterolateral capsule against hyperextension and rotational forces?
arcuate ligament
85
Which collateral ligament protects against a valgus force?
Medial Collateral Ligament
86
The proximal tibiofibular joint is part of the segments that make up the knee joint complex. True or False
False. It does not lie within the joint complex
87
What is the structure of the knee that is made up of fibrocartilage that improves stability and acts as a cushion? (hint: it has only has one attachment)
menisci
88
What is the shape of the medial meniscus
C shaped
89
What is the shape of the lateral meniscus
S shape
90
Which is more mobile between the two meniscus?
lateral meniscus
91
What ligament strengthens the posterior part of the capsule?
Oblique popliteal ligament
92
The knee capsule is strengthened on each side of the patella by what?
vastus lateralis tendon & vastus medialis tendon
93
What are the lower boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
lower lateral = gastrocnemius
lower medial= gastrocnemius
