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OT102: Anatomy for Occupational Therapists > Knee Joint Complex > Flashcards

Knee Joint Complex Flashcards

1
Q

The knee is what kind of joint?

A

complex

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2
Q

What are the three bones that compromises the knee?

A

femur, tibia, patella

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3
Q

What are the functions of the knee?

A
  1. can support body weight in erect position without muscle activity
  2. plays a primary role in lowering and elevating body weight (e.g. squat)
  3. important role in walking and running (esp. distributing forces)
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4
Q

What type of bone is the femur?

A

long bone

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5
Q

What part of the femur is important in the knee joint complex?

A

distal

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6
Q

What is the longest, largest, and heaviest bone of the body?

A

femur

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7
Q

Where does the femur articulate?

A

acetabulum of pelvis & tibia

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8
Q

The medial condyle is _____ and extends more distally in the femur.

A

larger

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9
Q

Why is the medial condyle larger than the lateral condyle at the femur?

A

for alignment

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10
Q

Where does the cruciate ligaments pass?

A

intercondylar fossa

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11
Q

What bone is also referred to as the “shin bone”?

A

tibia

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12
Q

The plateaus (tibia) articulates with what?

A

femoral condyle

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13
Q

Why is the medial plateau found in the tibia larger than the lateral plateau?

A

Medial knee bears more pressure when standing

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14
Q

Where does the quadriceps muscle tendon distally attach?

A

tibial tuberosity

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15
Q

What is the importance of the tibial fossa?

A

where the proximal fibula attaches

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16
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

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17
Q

When does the patella ossify?

A

3-5 yrs old (when they start to walk)

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18
Q

What separates the facets of the patella?

A

vertical ridge

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19
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A
  1. increase leverage for torque (specifically knee extensors)
  2. provides protection to the distal joint surface
  3. decreases pressure + distribute force
  4. prevent compression forces
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20
Q

What are the three facets of the patella?

A

medial, lateral, odd

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21
Q

The knee capsule is absent where?

A

front part of the knee

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22
Q

The knee capsule is strengthened on each side of the patella by what tendons?

A

vastus lateralis tendon & vastus medialis tendon

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23
Q

The knee capsule is strengthened behind by which ligament?

A

oblique popliteal ligament

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24
Q

What are the knee joint’s articulating surfaces?

A

medial tibiofemoral joint, lateral tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint

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25
Q

What are the movement of the tibiofemoral joint?

A

flexion & extension + rotation

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26
Q

What are the ligaments at the tibiofemoral joint?

A

collateral, cruciate, arcuate, oblique**

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27
Q

The medial collateral ligament protects against what kind of force?

A

valgus

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28
Q

What kind of force does the lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament protect against?

A

varus

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29
Q

The cruciate ligament is extracapsular. T/F?

A

F. its intracapsular

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30
Q

What ligament in the knee is the most commonly injured?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

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31
Q

What is the posterior cruciate ligament’s orientation?

A

superior, anterior, medial (SAM)

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32
Q

What is the anterior cruciate ligament’s orientation?

A

anteriorly, medially, and distally to the tibia**

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33
Q

Why is the PCL less likely to be injured than the ACL?

A

Because it is thicker and stronger

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34
Q

The cruciate ligaments provide what kind of stability?

A

anteroposterior stability

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35
Q

What muscle is derived from the semimembranosus muscle?

A

tendinous expansion of the oblique popliteal ligament

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36
Q

What is menisci?

A

a fibrocartilage that deepens the joint’s socket (i.e. congruency) to add stability

note: shock absorption, cushion between femur & tibia

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37
Q

The menisci becomes _______ as it continues towards the center?

A

thinner

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38
Q

What is the only bony attachment(s) of the menisci?

A

horns (moves when knee moves)

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39
Q

What type of joint is the patellofemoral joint?

A

plane joint

40
Q

What is the function of the patellar ligament?

A

provides inferior stabilization

41
Q

Where does the patellar ligament attach?

A

patella and tibial tuberosity

42
Q

What muscles provide lateral stabilization to the patella?

A

iliotibial band and vastus lateralis

43
Q

What muscles provide medial stabilization to the patella?

A

vastus medialis obliques

44
Q

What muscles provide superior stabilization to the patella?

A

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius

45
Q

The superficial and deep retinacula provide what kind of stabilization?

A

lateral

46
Q

Which is more mobile: medial or lateral meniscus?

A

lateral meniscus

47
Q

What are the ligament attachments of the medial meniscus?

A

ACL, MCL

48
Q

What are the ligament attachments of the lateral meniscus?

A

PCL

49
Q

What ligament protects the anterior displacement of the tibia?

A

ACL

50
Q

Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?

A

beneath quadriceps muscle

51
Q

What bursas can be found in the anterior portion?

A

suprapatellar, prepatellar, superficial infrapatellar, and deep infrapatellar bursa

52
Q

The popliteal bursa and semimembranosus bursa is found in what part?

A

posterior

53
Q

Knee extensors are located where?

A

anterior part

54
Q

What muscles are under “knee extensors”

A

quadriceps femoris group, articularis genu

55
Q

What is the function of the articularis genu?

A

pulls the joint capsule superiorly as the knee extends

56
Q

Knee flexors are located where?

A

posterior

57
Q

What muscles are involved in flexing the knee?

A

hamstrings, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus, gracilis, sartorius

58
Q

Where is the insertion of the tibial medial rotators?

A

medial side of tibia

59
Q

Medial rotation of the tibia occurs during what movement?

A

knee flexion

60
Q

What muscle is responsible for the lateral rotation of the tibia?

A

biceps femoris

60
Q

Q angles is formed by what?

A

the quadriceps muscles and patella

60
Q

Lateral rotation of the tibia occurs during what movement?

A

knee extension

61
Q

What is considered excessive when measuring the Q angle?

A

20 degrees

61
Q

What is the normal angle for the Q angle?

A

13-18 degrees

62
Q

What is the angled formed by the femur and tibia?

A

tibiofemoral angle

63
Q

What is considered the normal range for the tibiofemoral angle?

A

170-175 degrees

64
Q

What is the diamond shaped intermuscular space at the back of the knee?

A

popliteal fossa

65
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal artery, popliteal vein, popliteal nerve

66
Q

What muscle is found at the upper lateral side of the popliteal fossa?

A

biceps femoris

67
Q

The tibiofemoral angle is resulted from what?

A

adducted position of the femoral shaft

68
Q

What condition occurs when there is a compressive force that is exerted on the medial side of the knee?

A

Genu Varum

69
Q

What innervates the knee and passes the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal nerve

70
Q

The _______ cruciate ligament protects our knees from hyperextending.

A

anterior

71
Q

The knee capsule is present in all sides except which side?

A

anterior (front)

71
Q

What structure deepens the tibiofemoral joint?

A

menisci

72
Q

Which side of the tibial plateau bears more weight?

A

medial plateau

73
Q

When does the external rotation of the tibia happen?

A

knee extension

74
Q

The menisci moves when together together with the knee. What structure in the menisci allows for this to happen?

A

horns of the menisci

75
Q

The rectus femoris isa two jointed muscle because it _____ the hips and _____ the knees.

A

flexes; extends

76
Q

What is the diamond shaped intermuscular space at the back of the knee?

A

popliteal fossa

77
Q

What muscle pulls the joint capsule superiorly as the knee extends?

A

articularis genu

78
Q

What muscles are part of the hamstrings group?

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

79
Q

Medial rotation of the tibia happens during what occasion?

A

knee extension

80
Q

What landmarks should we refer to when looking for the Q angle?

A

ASIS. Midpoint of Patella, Tibial Tuberosity

81
Q

A Genu Varum with a tibiofemoral angle of more than 170 degrees (measured at the medial side) will exhibit what kind of leg abnormality?

A

bowleg

82
Q

What condition of the legs has a Q angle closer to 0?

A

Genu Varum

83
Q

What condition of the legs has an excessive Q angle?

A

Genu Valgum

84
Q

Which cruciate ligament protects the posterolateral capsule against hyperextension and rotational forces?

A

arcuate ligament

85
Q

Which collateral ligament protects against a valgus force?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament

86
Q

The proximal tibiofibular joint is part of the segments that make up the knee joint complex. True or False

A

False. It does not lie within the joint complex

87
Q

What is the structure of the knee that is made up of fibrocartilage that improves stability and acts as a cushion? (hint: it has only has one attachment)

A

menisci

88
Q

What is the shape of the medial meniscus

A

C shaped

89
Q

What is the shape of the lateral meniscus

A

O shape

90
Q

Which is more mobile between the two meniscus?

A

lateral meniscus

91
Q

What ligament strengthens the posterior part of the capsule?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

92
Q

The knee capsule is strengthened on each side of the patella by what?

A

vastus lateralis tendon & vastus medialis tendon

93
Q

What are the lower boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

lower lateral = gastrocnemius

lower medial= gastrocnemius

OT102: Anatomy for Occupational Therapists (3 decks)

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