Leg, Ankle, Foot

Question 1

What is the large weight-bearing medial bone of the leg?

Answer 1

Tibia

Question 2

What bears 90% of the body’s weight?

Answer 2

Tibial plafond

Question 3

Is the fibula part of the knee joint complex?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is the main function of the fibula?

Answer 4

attachment of muscle. very little part in the function of transmitting weight

Question 5

What is the function of the interosseous membrane?

Answer 5

1. Assists in maintaining alignment
   of the two bones
2. Site of attachment of several leg
   muscles

Question 6

Below the lateral malleolus, what can be found?

Answer 6

Malleolar fossa

Question 7

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 7

plane synovial joint

Question 8

What are the ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 8

anterior and posterior ligament + interosseous membrane

Question 9

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 9

fibrous joint ( not much movement)

Question 10

What are the ligaments in the distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 10

1. Interosseous membrane
2. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
3. Posterior tibiofibular ligaments
4. Inferior transverse ligament

Question 11

What are the regions of the foot?

Answer 11

1. hindfoot
2. midfoot
3. forefoot

Question 12

The tarsal bone is also known as what?

Answer 12

ankle

Question 13

What is the largest bone of the foot?

Answer 13

calcaneum

Question 14

What assists the support of the talus?

Answer 14

sustentaculum tali

Question 15

The calcaneum forms the prominence of what?

Answer 15

the heel

Question 16

What is the only tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula?

Answer 16

talus

Question 17

the peroneus longus tendon passes by where?

Answer 17

cuboid bone (specifically at the groove on the inferior aspect)

Question 18

What are the three cuneiform bones?

Answer 18

medial, intermediate. lateral

Question 19

What is the function of the wedge shape of the cuneiform?

Answer 19

wedge shape contribute to the formation and maintenance of the transverse arch of the foot

Question 20

The tarsals ossify before birth. What three bones are present at birth?

Answer 20

calcaneum, talus, cuboid

Question 21

Which metatarsal gives attachment to the peroneus brevis tendon?

Answer 21

5th metatarsal

Question 22

The big toe has how much phalanges?

Answer 22

2 phalanges

Question 23

What bones comprise the forefoot?

Answer 23

metatarsals and phalanges

Question 24

What bones comprise the midfoot?

Answer 24

navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, lateral)

Question 25

Which ligament deepens the socket so that the talus fits snugly?

Answer 25

interior transverse tibiofibular ligament

Question 26

What are the 4 different ligaments that comprise the medial or deltoid ligament?

Answer 26

1. Anterior Talotibial ligament 2. Posterior Talotibial ligament 3. Calcaneotibial ligament 4. Tibionavicular ligament

Question 27

The medial/deltoid ligament helps stabilize the ankle in the case of what?

Answer 27

eversion

Question 28

What are the three ligaments that make up the lateral (colateral) ligament?

Answer 28

1. anterior talofibular ligament 2. posterior talofibular ligament 3. calcaneofibular ligament

Question 29

Which is stronger? Lateral or medial ligament?

Answer 29

lateral ligament

Question 30

What kind of stress does the lateral ligament protect against?

Answer 30

varus stress

Question 31

What are the ligaments of the subtalar joint?

Answer 31

1. medial and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments 2. interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 32

Chopart's tarsal joint is also known as what?

Answer 32

midtarsal joint

Question 33

What are the joints that comprise the midtarsal joint?

Answer 33

1. Talonavicular joint 2. Calcaneocuboid joint

Question 34

What ligament of the talonavicular joint mains the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 34

spring ligament

Question 35

What are the ligaments of the talonavicular joint?

Answer 35

1. talonavicular ligament 2. lateral calcaneonavicular ligament 3. Spring ligament

Question 36

What are the only movements that happen at the ankle joint?

Answer 36

dorsi flexion and plantar flexion

Question 37

What is the function of the long plantar ligament?

Answer 37

maintains lateral longitudinal arch

Question 37

What are the movements of the subtarsal and midtarsal?

Answer 37

inversion and eversion

Question 37

Lisfranc's joint is also known as what?

Answer 37

tarsometatarsal joint

Question 38

What are the articulations of the Lisfranc's joint?

Answer 38

cuboid, cuneiform, metatarsal

Question 39

Each metatarsal base forms a joint with its adjacent metatarsal base. What joint is formed?

Answer 39

intermetatarsal joint

Question 40

What are the ligaments of the intermetatarsal joint?

Answer 40

dorsal, plantar, interosseous ligaments

Question 41

inversion and eversion happens at what part of the foot?

Answer 41

midtarsal and subtalar

Question 42

Dorsi flexion and plantar flexion happens where?

Answer 42

ankle joint

Question 43

What ligaments supports the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 43

collateral ligament

Question 44

The midtarsal joint is compose of what joints?

Answer 44

"TaLoNa CCpa" 1. talonavicular lig. 2. Lateral calcaneonavicular lig. 3. plantar calcaneonavicular lig. (spring lig.)

Question 44

The medial ligament limits what?

Answer 44

valgus force/eversion

Question 45

The main muscles that are responsible for dorsiflexion is found at which compartment of the leg?

Answer 45

anterior compartment

Question 46

What muscles can be found at the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 46

peroneus longus & peroneus brevis

Question 47

What compartment is responsible for eversion and holds up the lateral and longitudinal arch?

Answer 47

lateral compartment of the leg

Question 48

What powerful muscle is responsible for plantar flexion and works the most during walking?

Answer 48

soleus

Question 49

The superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg is responsible for what?

Answer 49

knee flexion and plantar flexion

Question 50

The tibialis anterior and peroneus tertius are responsible for what movement?

Answer 50

ankle dorsiflexion

Question 51

What muscles are responsible for ankle inversion?

Answer 51

tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Question 52

What muscles are responsible for ankle eversion?

Answer 52

peroneus tertius, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

Question 52

Is the tibialis posterior responsible for dorsi or plantarflexion?

Answer 52

plantarflexion

Question 53

What are the three arches of the foot?

Answer 53

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse arch

Question 54

What is the primary ligament that supports the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 54

spring ligament

Question 55

What is the center or keystone of the medial longitudinal march?

Answer 55

talus

Question 56

What is the importance of foot arches?

Answer 56

to support body weight

Question 57

What is the keystone of the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 57

cuboid

Question 58

What is the primary ligament that supports the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 58

long plantar ligament

Question 59

What bones comprise the transverse arch?

Answer 59

base of all metatarsals & 3 cuneiforms

Question 60

What ties the ends of the arch together? (hint: "tie beams")

Answer 60

plantar aponeurosis

Question 60

What are the functions of the arches of the foot?

Answer 60

1. allow the foot to adapt to various surfaces 2. absorb forces imparted to the foot 3. provide weight bearing surface + base of support for body 4. propulsion of body (walking)

Question 61

What intrinsic muscle is found at the 4th layer?

Answer 61

interossei

Question 61

What does the popliteal artery supply?

Answer 61

popliteal fossa

Question 62

The medial part of the sole is supplied by what artery?

Answer 62

medial plantar artery

Question 63

What does the lateral plantar artery supply?

Answer 63

lateral sole of the foot

Question 64

What artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 64

peroneal/fibular artery

Question 65

The profunda femoris artery branches from what artery?

Answer 65

femoral artery

Question 66

The femoral artery eventually branches into what artery?

Answer 66

popliteal artery

Question 67

The dorsum of the foot is supplied by which artery?

Answer 67

dorsalis pedis artery

Question 68

What artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 68

posterior tibial artery

Question 69

The external and internal iliac vein joins to what vein?

Answer 69

common iliac vein

Question 70

At the medial part of the tibia, the dorsal venous arch will become what vein?

Answer 70

Great saphenous vein

Question 71

What innervates the posterior part of the leg? (hint: thigh part)

Answer 71

sciatic nerve

Question 72

What innervates the muscles of anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 72

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 73

What innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 73

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 74

What does the lateral and medial plantar nerve innervate?

Answer 74

sole of the foot

Question 74

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior leg?

Answer 74

tibial nerve

Question 74

Flexors at the legs are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 74

tibial nerve

Question 75

Muscles of the posterior thigh are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 75

sciatic nerve

Question 76

The deep peroneal nerve supplies what?

Answer 76

for sensory: dorsal webspace of 1st and 2nd toes

Question 77

The posterior cutaneous nerve supplies sensory innervation for what part of the leg?

Answer 77

popliteal fossa and upper back of the leg