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OT102: Anatomy for Occupational Therapists > Head, Face, and Neck > Flashcards

Head, Face, and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the skull bones made up of?

A

external table, internal table, diploe

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the skull?

A

cranial and facial skeleton

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3
Q

What is the cranial skeleton composed of?

A

vault + base

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3
Q

What bones form the cranial skeleton?

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. parietal bone
  3. occipital bone
  4. temporal bone
  5. sphenoid bone
  6. ethmoid bone
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3
Q

What are the sutures found at the cranial skeleton?

A
  1. coronal suture
  2. sagittal suture
  3. lambdoidal suture
  4. pterion
  5. squamous
  6. nasion
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3
Q

What do you call the parts of the juvenile skull that have not yet ossified?

A

fontanelles

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4
Q

What are the fontanelles?

A
  1. bregma (ant.)
  2. lambdoid (post.)
  3. sphenoid (anterolateral)
  4. mastoid (posterolateral)
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5
Q

The bregmatic fontanelle closes at what age?

A

18 months

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6
Q

The lambdoid fontanelle closes by what age?

A

1 year old

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7
Q

What does the scalp consist of?

A
  1. skin
  2. connective tissue
  3. aponeurosis
  4. loose areolar tissue
  5. pericranium
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8
Q

The facial skeleton is formed by what bones?

A
  1. zygomatic
  2. maxillae
  3. nasal
  4. lacrimal
  5. vomer
  6. palatine
  7. inferior conchae
  8. mandible
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9
Q

What connects the mandible to the skull?

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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10
Q

What are the ligaments of the TMJ?

A
  1. lateral temporomandibular lig.
  2. sphenomandibular lig.
  3. stylomandibular lig.
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11
Q

What is the nerve supply of TMJ?

A

Mandibular nerve

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12
Q

What are associated bones found at the skull and cervical vertebra but are not considered bones of the skull?

A

hyoid bone and auditory ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes)

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13
Q

How many vertebrated does the cervical region have?

A

7

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14
Q

What type of foramen does the cervical spine have?

A

transverse foramen

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15
Q

What is C1?

A

atlas

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16
Q

What is C2?

A

Axis

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17
Q

C7 is also known as what?

A

vertebra prominens

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18
Q

Which vertebras at the cervical spine is considered typical?

A

C3 to C6

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19
Q

What vertebra corresponds/is at the level of the thyroid bone?

A

C4

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20
Q

The cricoid bone corresponds to what vertebra?

A

C6

21
Q

C3 corresponds to what bone?

A

hyoid bne

22
Q

Which atypical vertebra has no body and no spinous process?

A

atlas

23
Q

What are the special features of the axis?

A
  1. has dens/odontoid process
  2. large bifid spinous process
  3. short transverse process
24
Q

What atypical vertebrae has a long non-bifid spinous process and has a small/no transverse foramen at all?

A

C7 (Vertebra Prominens)

25
Q

Why doesn’t the atlas have a body?

A

it doesn’t need to bear weight since it comes first

26
Q

What joint makes the nodding “yes” movement?

A

Atlanto-occipital (AO) joint

27
Q

What joint makes the shaking head “no” movement?

A

Atlanto-axial (AA) joint

28
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and movement sense?

A

CN 8 - Vestibulocochlear

29
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for internal sensation and GIT movements?

A

CN 10 - Vagus nerve

30
Q

What is CN 11 for?

A

Accessory/Spinal Accessory: For neck movement

31
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for mastication?

A

CN12 - Hypoglossal

32
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Facial sensation + sensation for mastication muscles

33
Q

CN 6 is what?

A

Abducens

34
Q

What is the function of the abducens?

A

lateral eye movements

35
Q

The oculomotor nerve is responsible for what?

A

coordinates eye and eyelid movement

36
Q

The protrusion of the tongue is due to which muscles?

A

genioglossus

37
Q

The tongue curl when we swallow food is due to which muscle?

A

styloglossus

38
Q

Tongue elevation is due to which muscle?

A

palatoglossus

39
Q

When the tip of the tongue points downwards, what muscle is activated?

A

hyoglossus

40
Q

What extraocular muscles are activated when someone looks to the right?

A

Medial Rectus & Lateral Rectus

41
Q

What extraocular muscles are activated when someone looks to upper left?

A

Superior Oblique + Superior Rectus, Inferior Oblique + Inferior Rectus

42
Q

What nerve innervates the superior oblique?

A

CN4

43
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

A

CN6

44
Q

The lateral temporomandibular ligament limits what kind of movement?

A

downward and backward movement

45
Q

The sphenomandibular ligament limits what kind of movement?

A

downward movement of mandible

46
Q

What ligament at the TMJ limits protrusion of the mandible?

A

stylomandibular ligament

47
Q

The human skull is composed of how many bones?

A

22

48
Q

The _____ keeps the frontalis and occipitalis connected.

A

aponeurosis

49
Q

What structure of the cervical vertebrae does the vertebral artery, vertebral vein, and sympathetic nerves pass?

A

transverse foramen

50
Q

The scalp has how many layers

A

5

51
Q

Each internal carotid artery branches off into a total of ____ arteries.

A

4

51
Q

The anterior jugular vein drains into what?

A

external jugular vein

52
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the neck?

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid
  2. rectus capitis
  3. longus capitis and longus colli
  4. scalenes
53
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the neck?

A
  1. trapezius
  2. rectus capitis posterior major and minor
  3. splenius capitis and cervicis
  4. semispinalis capitis and cervicis

OT102: Anatomy for Occupational Therapists (7 decks)

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