Spine, Thorax, Head, Neck, and Face

Question 1

Erector Spinae Origin

Answer 1

Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae

Question 2

Erector Spinae Insertion

Answer 2

Various attachments at the posterior ribs, SP and TPs of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 3

Erector Spinae Actions

Answer 3

Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column to the same side
Bilateral: Extension of vertebral column

Question 4

Splenius Capitis Origin

Answer 4

Inferior 1/2 of ligmanetum nuchae and SP of C7-T4

Question 5

Splenius Capitis Insertion

Answer 5

Mastoid Process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Question 6

Splenius Capitis Action

Answer 6

Unilaterally: Rotate the head and neck to same side; Laterally flex head and neck
Bilaterally Extend head and neck

Question 7

Splenius Cervicis Origin

Answer 7

SP of T3-T6

Question 8

Splenius Cervicis Insertion

Answer 8

TP of C1 to C3

Question 9

Splenius Cervicis Action

Answer 9

Unilaterally: Rotate the head and neck to same side; Laterally flex head and neck
Bilaterally Extend head and neck

Question 10

Suboccipitals: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Oblique Capitis Superior, Oblique Capitis Inferior
Origins

Answer 10

RCP Major: SP of axis (C2)
RCP Minor: tubercle of the posterior arch of atlas (C1)
OCS: TP of atlas (C1)
OCI: SP of axis

Question 11

Suboccipitals: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Oblique Capitis Superior, Oblique Capitis Inferior
Insertions

Answer 11

RCP Major: Inferior Nuchal line
RCP minor: Inferior nuchal line of occiput
OCS: between the nuchal lines of occiput
OCI: TP of atlas (C1)

Question 12

Suboccipitals: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Oblique Capitis Superior, Oblique Capitis Inferior
Actions

Answer 12

RCP Major, RCP, Minor, OCS: Rock and Tilt head back into extension
RCP Major, OCI: rotate the head to same side
OCS: Laterally flex head to same side

Question 13

Quadratus Lumborum Origin

Answer 13

Posterior Iliac Crest

Question 14

Quadratus Lumborum Insertion

Answer 14

Last rib and TP of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae

Question 15

Quadratus Lumborum Action

Answer 15

Unilateral: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis
Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Assist in extension of vertebral column
Bilaterally: Fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation

Question 16

Rectus Abdominis Origin

Answer 16

Pubic crest, pubic symphysis

Question 17

Rectus Abdominis Insertion

Answer 17

Cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs and xiphoid process

Question 18

Rectus Abdominis Actions

Answer 18

Flex the vertebral column, Tilt pelvis posteriorly

Question 19

External Oblique Origin

Answer 19

External surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs

Question 20

External Oblique Insertion

Answer 20

Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 21

External Oblique Action

Answer 21

Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the vertebral column, Compress abdominal contents

Question 22

Internal Oblique Origin

Answer 22

Lateral inguinal ligament, Iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia

Question 23

Internal Oblique Insertion

Answer 23

Internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 24

Internal Oblique Actions

Answer 24

Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of vertebral column to the same side, Rotate vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: Flex the vertebral column
Compress abdominal contents

Question 25

Transverse Abdominis Origin

Answer 25

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower six ribs

Question 26

Transverse Abdominis Insertion

Answer 26

Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Question 27

Transverse Abdominis Action

Answer 27

Compress abdominal contents

Question 28

Diaphragm Origin

Answer 28

Costal attachment: Inner surface of lower six ribs Lumbar attachment: Upper two or three lumbar vertebrae Sternal attachment: Inner part of xiphoid process

Question 29

Diaphragm Insertion

Answer 29

Central tendon

Question 30

Diaphragm Action

Answer 30

Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm | Increase volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

Question 31

Intercostals Origin

Answer 31

Inferior border of the rib above

Question 32

Intercostals Insertion

Answer 32

Superior border of the rib below

Question 33

Intercostals Action

Answer 33

External intercostals: Draw ribs superiorly to help with inhalation Internal intercostals: Draw the ribs inferiorly to assist with exhalation

Question 34

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

Answer 34

SP of C7-T3

Question 35

Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion

Answer 35

Posterior surface of Ribs 2-5

Question 36

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

Answer 36

Elevate ribs during inhalation

Question 37

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin

Answer 37

SP of T12-L3

Question 38

Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion

Answer 38

Posterior surface of Ribs 9-12

Question 39

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

Answer 39

Depresses ribs during exhalation

Question 40

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

Answer 40

Sternal head: Top of manubrium | Clavicular head: Medial 1/3 of clavicle

Question 41

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

Answer 41

Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Question 42

Sternocleidomastoid Action

Answer 42

Unilateral: Lateral flexion of head and neck to same side Rotate head and neck to opposite side Bilateral: Flexion of neck Assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation

Question 43

Scalenes Origin

Answer 43

Anterior: TP of C3-C6 (anterior tubercles) Middle: TP of C2-C7 (posterior tubercles) Posterior: TP of C6, C7 (posterior tubercles)

Question 44

Scalene Insertion

Answer 44

Anterior, Middle: 1st rib | Posterior: 2nd rib

Question 45

Scalene Action

Answer 45

Unilaterally: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side Rotate head and neck to opposite side Bilaterally: Elevate the ribs during inhalation Flex the head and neck (anterior)

Question 46

Masseter Origin

Answer 46

Zygomatic arch

Question 47

Masseter Insertion

Answer 47

Angle and ramus of mandible

Question 48

Masseter Action

Answer 48

Elevate mandible; Protract mandible

Question 49

Temporalis Origin

Answer 49

Temporal fossa and fascia

Question 50

Temporalis Insertion

Answer 50

Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible

Question 51

Temporalis Action

Answer 51

Elevate mandible and retract mandible (temperomandibular joint)

Question 52

Occipitofrontalis Origin

Answer 52

Galea aponeurotica

Question 53

Occipitofrontalis Insertion

Answer 53

Frontalis: skin superior to eyebrows Occipitalis: Superior nuchal line of the occiput

Question 54

Occipitofrontalis Action

Answer 54

Frontalis: Raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead Occipitalis: Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly