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Human Structure and Function 3 > Spine, Joints, Limbs > Flashcards

Spine, Joints, Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many spinal curves are there?

A

4

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2
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What are the spinal curves, from the top down?

A

Cervival curviture

Thoracic curviture

Lumber curviture

Pelvic curviture

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3
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What are the types of vertebrae?

A

Carvical vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumber vertebrae

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4
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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5
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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6
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many lumber vertebrae are there?

A

5

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7
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A

Sternum

Vertebrae

Costal cartilages

Ribs

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8
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many ribs are there?

A

12

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9
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many real ribs are there?

A

7

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10
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Why are the false ribs called the false ribs

A

Because the first 3 join to the 7th rib rather than the sternum

The last two are the floating ribs and don’t join to anything

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11
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilage

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12
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Typical structure of a vertebrae

A
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13
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Cervical vertebrae function

A

Support skull

Stabalise relative positions of brain and spinal cord

Allow controlled head movement

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14
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Thoracic vertebrae function

A

Support weight of head, neck upper limbs and chest

Articulate with ribs to allow changes in volume of thoracic cage

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15
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Function of lumber vertebrae

A

Support weight of head, neck, upper limbs and trunk

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16
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Intervertebal discs

A

Sits between vertebrae

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17
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Components of the intervertebal discs

A

Anulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Anulus fibrosus

A

Part of intervertebal discs

Outer layer of fibrocartilage

Connects vertebral bodies in a fibrocartilaginous joint

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19
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Nucleus pulposus

A

Components of intervertebla discs

80-90% water

Acts as a shock absorber

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20
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Facet joints

A

Superior articular facets of one vertebrae joins the inferior facets of the one above

Synovial gliding joint

Surrounded by joint capsule and small capsular ligaments

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21
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What parts of the body does the cervical nerve distribution cover?

A

Neck

Arms

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22
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What parts of the body does the thoracic nerve distribution cover?

A

The trunk area

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23
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What parts of the body does the lumber nerve distribution cover?

A

Waist down

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24
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What attaches to the vertebrae to help give extra support and strength to the spine?

A

Strong ligaments

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25
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What use are the strong ligaments that attach to the vertebrae?

A

Give extra support and strength tp the spine

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26
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Spinal canal

A

The space in the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

27
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What does the meninges divide the spinal canal into?

A

Epidural space

Subarachnoid space

28
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Epidural space

A

Between the dura mater and the sides of the vertebral canal

29
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What things are contained in the epidural space?

A

Loose fatty tissue

The internal vertebral venous plexuses

Lymphatics

Spinal nerve roots

30
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

The subarachnoid space

A

Between pai mater and the arachnoic membrane in spinal canal

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What things are contained in the subarachnoid space?

A
32
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Prolapsed disk

A

When the nucleus of the disk herniates

Usually occurs in cervical or lumber region

Can put pressure on spinal nerve causing severe lower back pain

33
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Cervical spondylosis

A

Degenerative osteoarthiritis of the joints between the centre of the spinal vertebrae and/or neural foramina

34
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Tuberculosis Spondylitis

A

Form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that affects the spine

Effects sometimes described as being sort of arthritis for the vertebrae

Begins in thoracic section of spine

35
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Spina bifida

A

Birth defect

Involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord or it’s coverings

36
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many joints in the skull?

A

86

37
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many joints in the throat?

A

6

38
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many joints are there in the thorax

A

66

39
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many joints are there in the spine and pelvis joints?

A

76

40
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many joints are there in the upper limbs?

A

32 on each side

64 in total

41
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many joints are there in the lower limbs?

A

31 in each

62 in total

42
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Firbous joints

A

Immovable

Connect bones

43
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Example of fibrous joints

A

Skull

Pelvis

44
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly moveable

Bones attached to cartilage

A little movement

45
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Examples of cartilagenous joints

A

Spine

Ribs

46
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Synovial joints

A

Freely moveable

Cavitites between bones are filled with synovial fluid

47
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Role of synovial fluid

A

Lubricates and protects the bones in synavial joints

48
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What influences joint stability?

A

Articular surfaces

Ligaments

Muscle tone

49
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How does articular surfaces aid joint stability?

A

Plays minor role

Some deep sockets or grooves aid stability

50
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How do ligaments aid joint stability?

A

The more ligaments, the stronger the joint

51
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How far can ligaments stretch before they tear?

A

6%

52
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How does muscle tone aid stability in joints?

A

Provide a constant, low level contractile force

Keeps tension on the ligaments

Especially important at shoulders, knees and arches of foot

53
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Types of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket

Hinge

Pivot

Gliding (plain)

Saddle

Condyloid

54
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Which synovial joint provides the greatest range of movement?

A

Ball and socket joint

55
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What holds the ball and socket joint together?

A

Ligaments and tendons

56
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Hinge joints

A

Made by joining two bone ends which have smooth surfaces

Allows flexion and extension

Only a small amount of rotation allowed

57
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Where would you find a pivot joint?

A

Top of the spinal column, between axis and atlas bones of the neck

58
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Pivot joint

A

Only allows rotation

One bone acts as a “peg” which fits into the “ring” formed by the other bone

59
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Gliding joints

A

Allow flexion and extension through a slight gliding motion between the ends of small bones

Linked by strong ligaments to stop them moving too far

60
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Saddle joints

A

Occur where concave and convex surfaces meet

Allows movement forwards, backwards and right to left

61
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Condyloid joints

A

Convex shape of one joint fits in the concave shape of another joint

Allows movement in all directions

62
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Example of a saddle joint

A

The thumb

63
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Example of condyloid joint

A

The wrist

64
Q
A

Human Structure and Function 3 (6 decks)

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