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Human Structure and Function 3 > Muscles and naming them > Flashcards

Muscles and naming them Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles and naming them

What characteristics influences the naming of muscles?

A

Firection of fibres

Location (to a body part)

Number of origins

Size (compared to other muscles in the same group)

Shape

Action/function

Attachment

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2
Q

Muscles and naming them

What does the cep prefix in muscle naming mean?

A

Head

Referring to number of origins

Bicep - 2 heads

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3
Q

Muscles and naming them

What is a triangular muscle named?

A

A deltoid muscle

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4
Q

Muscles and naming them

What is a slender muscle named?

A

A gracilis muscle

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5
Q

Muscles and naming them

Large muscle

A

Maximus

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6
Q

Muscles and naming them

Intermediately sized muscle

A

Medius

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7
Q

Muscles and naming them

Small sized muscle

A

Minimus

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8
Q

Muscles and naming them

Short muscles name

A

Brevis

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9
Q

Muscles and naming them

Long muscle name

A

Longus

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10
Q

The Skeletomuscular system

Sternocluidomastoideus

A

Contraction of both sternocluidomastoideus muscles will flex the head

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12
Q

The Skeletomuscular system

Masseter

A

One of the major chewing muscles

Contraction of the masseter elevates the jaw

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13
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the masseter

A

Origin of the masseter if the zygomatic arch

Insertion is on the mandible

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14
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of sternocleidomastoideus

A

Two origins

  • Sternum manubrium
  • Clavical

Insertion is on the mastoid process of the skull

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15
Q

Muscles and naming them

Temporalis

A

Another chewing muscle

Attaches to side of skull

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16
Q

Muscles and naming them

Trapezius

A

Large muscle in the upper back

Causes the head to extend and move the scapula when it contracts

The way the scapula moves depends on which part contracts

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17
Q

Muscles and naming them

Where does the trapezius attach?

A

Skull

Shoulder

Vertebrae

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18
Q

Muscles and naming them

What causes the humerous to move?

A

When the latissimus dorsi contracts

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19
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the latissimus dorsi

A

Origins

  • Vertebrae
  • Ribs
  • Scapula

Instertion

  • Humerous
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20
Q

Muscles and naming them

Deltoid

A

Covers the shoulder

Shaped like a delta

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21
Q

Muscles and naming them

What happens when the deltoid contracts?

A

Adducts the arm

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22
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the deltoid

A

Origins

  • Scapula
  • Clavical

Instertion

  • Deltoid tuberosity of the humerous
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23
Q

Muscles and naming them

What happens if only the anterior fibres of the deltoid contract?

A

The arm is flexed

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24
Q

Muscles and naming them

What happens when the posterior fibres of the deltoid are contracted?

A

The arm will extend?

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25
Q

Muscles and naming them

What can happen when the pectoralis major contracts?

A

Arm flexes

Adducts arm

Rotate arm medially

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26
Q

Muscles and naming them

Where is the biceps brachii located?

A

Anterior side of the upper arm

27
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the pectorali major

A

Origins

  • Clavicle
  • Sternum

Instertion

  • The greater tubercle of the humerous
28
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the biceps brachii

A

Origins

  • Coracoid process
  • Glenoid cavity

Instertion

  • Radial tuberosity
29
Q

Muscles and naming them

What happens when the rectus abdominus contracts?

A

Flexes the abdomen

30
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the triceps brachii

A

Origins

  • Two on the back of the humerous
  • One on the scapula

Instertion

  • Olecranon
31
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the rectus abdominus

A

Origins

  • Pubis

Instertion

  • Xiphoid process of the sternum
  • Cartilage of the ribs
32
Q

Muscles and naming them

External oblique

  • What it does
  • Position
A

Compresses abdomen

It’s muscle fibres run oblique across the abdomen

33
Q

Muscles and naming them

Roles of the intercostal ribs in breathing

A
34
Q

Muscles and naming them

Muscles in the forearm

A

Flexor carpi

Extensor carpi

Flexor digitorum

Extensor digitorum

35
Q

Muscles and naming them

What muscle in the forearm flexes the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi

36
Q

Muscles and naming them

Which muscle in the forearm extends the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi

37
Q

Muscles and naming them

Which muscle in the forearm flexes the fingers?

A

Flexor digitorum

38
Q

Muscles and naming them

Which muscle in the forearm extends the fingers?

A

Extensor digitorum

39
Q

Muscles and naming them

Which muscle causes the arm to be in a pronate position?

A

Pronator

40
Q

Muscles and naming them

Which muscle causes the arm to be in a supinate position?

A

Supinator

41
Q

Muscles and naming them

What muscle groups provide the bulk of your hand?

A

Thenar muscles

Hypothenar muscles

42
Q

Muscles and naming them

What does the gluteus maximus do?

A

Extends and rotates thigh laterally

43
Q

Muscles and naming them

What are the quadriceps muscles?

A
44
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the gluteus maximus

A

Origins

  • Ilium
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx

Instertion

  • Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
45
Q

Muscles and naming them

What does the quadriceps do?

A

Acts as extensors of the knee joint

46
Q

Muscles and naming them

Gracilis (everything)

A

Adducts and flexes thigh

On the medial side of the thigh

47
Q

Muscles and naming them

What does the satorius do?

A

Flexes thigh

Rotates thigh laterally

48
Q

Muscles and naming them

Biceps femoris (everything)

A

A hamstring muscle

Originates:

  • Ischial tuberosity

Inserts:

  • Tibia
  • Fibula
49
Q

Muscles and naming them

Origins and insertions of the sartorius

A

Origins

  • Anteroior superior iliac spine of the ilium

Instertion

  • Medial side of tibia
50
Q

Muscles and naming them

What muscles make up the calf muscle?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

51
Q

Muscles and naming them

Where does the Achilles tendon insert?

A

Into the heel bone (calcaneus)

52
Q

Muscles and naming them

Where does the calf muscle end?

A

It merges with the Achilles tendon

53
Q

Muscles and naming them

What muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior

54
Q

Muscles and naming them

When do you have ultrasound scans during pregnancy?

A

8-12 weeks

18-22 weeks

55
Q

Muscles and naming them

What is the scan at 8-12 weeks for?

A

Dating the child

56
Q

Muscles and naming them

What is the scan at 18-22 weeks for?

A

Checking for any abnormalities

57
Q

Muscles and naming them

Ultrasound

A

Uses reflected sound

Small and cheap

Gives real time moving image

Cannot view through bone or air

58
Q

Muscles and naming them

Magnetic resonance image (MRI)

A

Uses magnetic fields to look inside the body

Huge and expensive

Get a static picture

Can see through bone and air

59
Q

Muscles and naming them

fMRI

A

Measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow

Uses Blood-oxygen-level dependant (BOLD) contrast

Presents results graphically by colour coding regions according to their activity

60
Q

Muscles and naming them

How does blood oxygenation vary in the brain?

A

Levels of blood oxygenation linked to levels of neural activity

61
Q

Muscles and naming them

Muscle cramps

A

Hyperexcitability of the somatic motor neurone controlling a muscle

Stretching relieves cramp by sending sensory information to CNS to inhibit the motor neurones

62
Q

Muscles and naming them

Muscle overuse

A

Results in muscle fatigue

Trauma may also cause tearing of the tissue

63
Q

Muscles and naming them

Muscle disuse

A

Results in muscle atrophy

Blood supply to muscle dimishes

Muscle fibre gets smaller

Atropy longer than a year is permanent

Human Structure and Function 3 (6 decks)

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