spine - cervicle

Question 1

cervical rotation muscles

Answer 1

• semispinalis cervices
• multifidus
• scalenus anterior
• spienius cervices and capitus
• sternocleidomastoid
• obliquus capitus/ inferior oblique
• rectus capitus

Question 2

side flexion of cervical vertebra, muscles

Answer 2

• scalenus anterior, medius and posterior
• levator scapulae
• sternocleidomastoid
• splenius capitis
• trapezius
• erector spinae
• rectus capitus

Question 3

sternocleidomastoid

1) origin
2) insertion
3) action (unilaterally &bilaterally)

Answer 3

1) manubrium sternum and medial clavicle
2) mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of the occiput

3) unilaterally - tilts head to the same side (ipsilateral) and rotates head towards opposite side (contralaterally)
bilaterally - flex the neck, raise the sternum and assist in forced expiration

Question 4

scalenus anterior

1) origin
2) insertion
3) action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 4

1) anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6
2) scalene tubercle on medial border of first rib

3) unilaterally - lateral flexion & slight contralateral rotation
bilaterally - flex and rotates the neck, elevates and steadies first rib during respiration

Question 5

scalenus Medius

1) origin
2) insertion
3) action

Answer 5

1) posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2 - C7
2) upper surface of the first rib
3) lateral flexion, elevates first rib during respiration and rotates neck

Question 6

scalenus posterior

1) origin
2) insertion
3) action

Answer 6

1) posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-C6
2) outer surface of second rib
3) lateral flexion, assists in steadying the second rib during respiration and rotates neck

Question 7

levator scapulae

1) origin
2) insertion
3) action (unilaterally &bilaterally)

Answer 7

1) transverse processes of C1-C3
2) superior part of medial border of scapula between superior angle and base of the spine

3) unilaterally -lateral flexion of the neck, elevation and medial rotation of scapula
bilateral - will extend the neck

Question 8

trapezius
1) origin

2) insertion
3) action

Answer 8

1) external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of C7 to T12 and supraspinous ligament
2) lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
3) neck extension and side flexion

Question 9

multifidus (cervical)

1) origin ( deep, middle & superficial layers)
2) insertion
3) action

Answer 9

1) deep - spine of vertebrae above
middle - spine of 2 or 3 vertebrae above
superficial - spine of 3 or 4 vertebrae above

2) lower 4-5 cervical articular processes
3) rotation/ stabilisation of cervical vertebrae

Question 10

longus colli action

Answer 10

neck flexion & rotation

Question 11

longus capitis action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 11

unilaterally - rotate and tilt cervical vertebrae and head to the ipsilateral side

bilaterally - weak flexor of the head and cervical vertebrae

Question 12

rectus capitis anterior action

Answer 12

flexion of head and neck

Question 13

rectus capitis lateralis action

Answer 13

stabilises head, weak lateral flexor of the head

Question 14

obliquus capitis superior action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 14

unilaterally - ipsilateral flexion

bilaterally - extends the head

Question 15

obliquus capitis inferior action

Answer 15

ipsilateral rotation of atlantoaxial joint

Question 16

spinalis cervicis action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 16

unilaterally - laterally flex and ipsilaterally rotate spine

bilaterally - extend the spine

Question 17

spinalis capitis action

Answer 17

extension of vertebral column and head

Question 18

splenius cervicis action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 18

unilaterally - laterally flex and rotate the head and neck to the same side

bilaterally - extend the neck

Question 19

iliocostalis cervicis action

Answer 19

extends vertebral column and laterally flexes to the same side

Question 20

longissimus cervicis action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 20

unilaterally - laterally flexes neck to the same side

bilaterally - extends neck

Question 21

longissimus capitis action (unilaterally & bilaterally)

Answer 21

unilaterally - flexes and rotates head ipsilaterally

bilaterally - extends neck