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Trauma > Spine and Nervous System Trauma > Flashcards

Spine and Nervous System Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord injury usually seen in flexion injuries. Caused by damage to anterior aspect of spinal cord by
ruptured intervertebral disk or
fragments of vertebral body extruded posteriorly into spinal canal by damage to anterior spinal artery

A

anterior cord syndrome

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2
Q

Overactivity of autonomic NS that causes an abrupt onset of extremely high BP

A

autonomic hyperreflexia syndrome

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3
Q

Vertical compression of spine that results when direct forces are transmitted along length of spinal column

A

axial loading

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4
Q

Functional hemitransection of spinal cord resulting in weakness of upper and lower extremities on same side and loss of pain and temp sensation on opposite side

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

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5
Q

SCI commonly seen with hyperextension cervical injuries; less commonly seen with flexion injuries
Characterized by greater motor impairment of upper vs lower extremities

A

Central cord syndrome

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6
Q

Skin surface area supplied by a single spinal root

A

dermatome

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7
Q

Spinal injury that occurs if spinal motion is stopped suddenly relative to body motion, causing weight to shift away

A

distraction

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8
Q

Hypotension following spinal injury caused by loss of sympathetic tone in vessels; ie. neurogenic hypotension

A

Neurogenic shock

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9
Q

Damage to spinal cord that may result from direct injury to cord itself or indirectly from damage to surrounding structures and tissue

A

spinal cord injury

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10
Q

Temporary loss or depression of all or most spinal reflex activity below the level of the injury; ,ay or may not include loss of sympathetic tone that causes hypotension

A

spinal shock

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11
Q

Condition of the spine characterized by fixation or stiffness of vertebral joint

A

spondylosis

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12
Q

Partial dislocation

A

subluzation

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13
Q

Weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and trunk

A

tetraplegia

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14
Q

Twisting of neck caused by injuries to the cervical spine that generate muscle spasms. Causes painful fixed head tilt accompanied by shoulder elevation

A

torticollis

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15
Q

Complete or incomplete lesion to spinal cord

A

transection

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16
Q

Location at which spinal cord ends in
adults
infants

A

L1-L2
L3

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17
Q

Nerve root for motor
Nerve root for sensory

A

Anterior nerve root
Posterior nerve root

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18
Q

Nerve tract for sensory impulses
Nerve tract for motor impulses

A

Ascending nerve tract
Descending nerve tract

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19
Q

Type of bending that may result in dislocations and bony fractures to the C and T spine

A

Lateral bending

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20
Q

SCI without radiologic abnormality is common in what age group?

A

Children

21
Q

Injury to a ligament

A

Sprain

22
Q

Injury to muscle or tendon

A

Strain

23
Q

Common in low speed, rear-end car crashes; known as whiplash

A

hyperextension

24
Q

Most frequent injured spinal regions (3)

A

C5-C7
C1-C2
T12-L2

25
Q

Fractures resulting from compression to anterior portion of vertebral body; STABLE

A

Wedge-shaped fracture

26
Q

Fractures resulting from severe hyperflexion and compression force; UNSTABLE

A

Teardrop fractures

27
Q

Classifications of SCI

A

Primary
Secondary

28
Q

Injury of SCI that occurs at time of impact

A

Primary SCI

29
Q

Injury of SCI that occurs after initial injury:
swelling
ischemia
bone fragment movement

A

Secondary SCI

30
Q

Injury of this region causes partial or total loss of movement in upper and lower extremities. May need ventilation assistance

A

C1-C4

31
Q

Injury of this region will usually leave pts with ability to flex elbow and or extend wrist but with limited hand function

A

C5-C6

32
Q

Injury to this region will usually leave pt with functional triceps and ability to bend and extend elbow, fingers, wrist function

A

C7-C8

33
Q

Injury below this region usually spare innervation and function of all upper extremity function

A

T1

34
Q

Spinal nerve exit locations in spinal column (3)

A

C1-C7 nerve above C1-C7 vertebra
C8 below C7
T1-L1-S1 Nerve below associated vertebra

35
Q

Crucial element in evaluating likelihood for SCI

A

MOI

36
Q

What is the key role of paramedic supposed to prevent?

A

Secondary SCI

37
Q

Nerve root that controls voluntary muscle function of fingers and hands

A

T1

38
Q

Plantar flexors of foot are controlled by which nerve root?

A

S2

39
Q

Lack or response to stimulation of upper extremities indicates injury to what region?

A

Cervical

40
Q

Lack or response to stimulation of lower extremities indicates injury to what region

A

Thoracic and/or Lumbar

41
Q

Reflex movement that indicates spinal cord lesion in older child and adult.

A

Babinski sign

42
Q

Dermatome that provides sensation around neck and anterior chest below clavicles

A

C2-C4

43
Q

Dermatome that provides sensation at nipple line

A

T4

44
Q

Dermatome that provides sensation to umbilicus

A

T10

45
Q

Dermatome that provides sensation to soles of feet

A

S1

46
Q

Apply rigid cervical collar in what 5 situations

A

-Midline neck or spinal pain
-Tenderness upon palpation
-Unreliable pt (GCS <15, alcohol, distracting injury, communication barrier)
-Focal or neuro deficit
-Torticollis in children

47
Q

May require padding under torso with application of cervical collar

A

Children

48
Q

Recommended that spinal precautions are indicated for children less than what age when significant MOI is present?

A

8 y/o

Trauma (4 decks)

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