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Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Combination of hypovolemic and distributive shock that results from local and systemic responses to thermal trauma

A

burn shock

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2
Q

Compound produced by exposure of hemoglobin to carbon monoxide

A

carboxyhemoglobin

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3
Q

Burns that encircle a body part, producing tourniquet effect

A

circumferential burns

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4
Q

Abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion and fixation and caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers or by loss of elasticity of the skin

A

contracture deformity

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5
Q

Scab or dry crust of dead tissue resulting from a thermal or chemical burn

A

eschar

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6
Q

Surgical incision that splits an eschar to prevent or relieve compartment syndrome

A

escharotomy

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7
Q

Burn injury in which entire thickness of epidermis and dermis is destroyed

A

full-thickness burn

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8
Q

Upper or lower airway injury that results from thermal or chemical exposure

A

Inhalation burn

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9
Q

Method to estimate burn injury that assigns specific numbers to EACH body part and accounts for developmental changes

A

Lund and Browder chart

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10
Q

Formula used to calculate fluid resuscitation for burn-injured patient over the first 24 hours

A

Parkland formula

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11
Q

Burn injury that extends through the epidermis into the dermis. (Two types)

A

Partial thickness burn
-Superficial partial-thickness
-Deep partial-thickness

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12
Q

Method to estimate burn injury that divides TBSA into segments that are multiples of 9%

A

Rule of nines

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13
Q

Portion of skin implanted to cover areas where skin has been lost through burns or injury

A

skin graft

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14
Q

Inhalation injury caused by the accumulation of toxic by-products of combustion

A

smoke inhalation injury

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15
Q

Burn injury in which only a superficial layer of epidermal cells is destroyed

A

Superficial burn

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16
Q

Central area of a burn that has sustained the most intense contact with the thermal source. Tissue is nonviable

A

Zone of coagulation

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17
Q

Area of burn in which blood flow is increased as a result of the normal inflammatory response to injury

A

Zone of hyperemia

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18
Q

Area of burn tissue that surrounds the critically injured area. Consists of tissue that is potentially viable despite the serious thermal injury

A

Zone of stasis

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19
Q

Transfer of energy to living cells causes what kind of injuries?

A

Burn injuries

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20
Q

4 types of burn injuries

A

Thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation

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21
Q

Majority of burns are what type?

A

Thermal burns

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22
Q

Burn caused by a substance capable of producing chemical changes in the skin

A

Chemical burns

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23
Q

Burns that result from direct contact with an electrical current and can also result from the arcing of electricity

A

Electrical burn

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24
Q

Burn injury caused by ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

A

Radiation burn

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25
What do burn injuries do?
Immediately destroy cells or fully disrupt their metabolic functions that cellular death ensues
26
Three distinct zones of injury from MAJOR burns
Zone of... coagulation stasis hyperemia
27
Rule of 9s ADULT
Head - 9% Back - 18% Front - 18% Arms - 9% Legs - 18% Genitals - 1%
28
Rule of 9s PED
Head - 12% Back - 18% Front - 18% Arms - 9% Legs - 16.5% Genitals - 1%
29
Rule of 9s Infant
Head - 18% Back - 18% Front - 18% Arms - 9% Legs - 13.5% Genitals - 1%
30
What is included in TBSA burn calculation?
ONLY Partial- and full-thickness burns
31
Major concern of a burn patient (especially with inhalation injury)
Airway management - BE AGGRESSIVE
32
When does the greatest loss of intravascular fluid occur?
First 8-12 hours
33
1st step in managing burn patient
Stop the burn process
34
Key signs that airway is narrowing
Vocal changes and stridor
35
Gold standard in assessing pt's ventilation status
ETCO2
36
Preferred fluid of choice for fluid resuscitation for burn pts
Lactated Ringers
37
Fluid resuscitation formula that can be used for pts that weigh at least 40 kg
Rule of 10s
38
Two main mechanisms of direct injury to the lung tissue
Heat Toxic material inhalation
39
What do most lower airway injuries in fires result from?
Inhalation of toxic chemicals
40
3 types of caustic agents associated with burn injuries
Acid Alkali Organic compounds
41
High pH. Hydroxides and carbonates of sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, barium, and calcium.
Alkalis
42
Low pH. Household cleaners such as rust remover, bathroom cleaners, and swimming pool acidifiers.
Acids
43
Chemicals that contain carbons. Phenols, creosote, petroleum products.
Organic compounds
44
Treatment for burn injury to eye.
Liberal irrigation
45
Most superior for irrigation of eye burns
Water
46
One of the most corrosive materials known. Used for industrial cleaning of fabrics and metals, glass etching, and manufacture of silicone chips. May cause SEVERE hypocalcemia.
Hydrofluoric acid
47
Skin contact with this aromatic hydrocarbon results in local tissue coagulation and systemic toxicity if absorbed.
Phenol (carbolic acid)
48
Noxious irritating gas that is strong alkali and very soluble in water.
Ammonia
49
Have S&Sx similar to ammonia but include bronchiolar burns and develop wheezing
Chlorine
50
Two highly reactive metals that are highly contraindicated with water.
Sodium Potassium
51
3 types of electrical injuries
Direct-contact burns Arc injuries Flash burns
52
Electrical burns that occur when electric current directly penetrates the resistance of the skin and underlying tissues
Direct-contact burns
53
Electrical burns that occur when a person is close enough to a high-voltage source that the current between two contact points near the skin overcomes the resistance in the air
Arc injuries
54
Electrical burn that occurs when the heat of electrical current ignites nearby combustible source
Flash burn injury
55
What part of electrical burn poses the greatest threat to the pt's life?
Area between entrance and exit wound
56
First point of contact with electric current
Skin
57
Measure of the current flow per unit of time
Amperage
58
Continuous force applied to any electrical circuit that produces a flow of electricity
Voltage
59
Two types of current
AC and DC
60
Tissue that is good conductor
Nerve tissue
61
Serious complication from significant direct-contact electrical injuries
Acute renal failure
62
Amps, Volts, and Temp delivered by lightning
200,000 Amps 100 million Volts 50,000 degrees F
63
Lightning injuries of conscious
Minor
64
Lightning injury with combative or comatose
Moderate
65
Lightning injury with immediate brain damage, seizures, resp paralysis, and cardiac arrest
Major
66
Most common radiation incidents
Sealed radioactive sources
67
Results from energy released by atoms and travels in electromagnetic waves
Ionizing radiation
68
Most dangerous form of internal radiation exposure. Large particles that travel only a few millimeters. Stopped by what?
alpha clothing, paper, skin
69
Radiation that can penetrate subcutaneous tissue What PPE required?
Beta Full PPE including SCBA
70
Most dangerous form of penetrating radiation.
Gamma
71
Radiation that includes radio waves and microwaves
Non-ionizing
72
Units used to measure radiation
rad and rem
73
Radiation effects that occur when exposed to penetrating radiation from external source
External irradiation
74
Radiation effect that occurs when radioactive material is released into the environment
Contamination
75
Radiation effect that refers to the uptake of radioactive material by body cells, tissues, and target organs.
Incorporation
76
4 parts of basic radiation protection
Time Distance Shielding Quantity
77
Radiation exposure but without contamination
Clean
78
Radiation exposure with contamination
Dirty

Trauma (4 decks)

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