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Trauma > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Combination of hypovolemic and distributive shock that results from local and systemic responses to thermal trauma

A

burn shock

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2
Q

Compound produced by exposure of hemoglobin to carbon monoxide

A

carboxyhemoglobin

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3
Q

Burns that encircle a body part, producing tourniquet effect

A

circumferential burns

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4
Q

Abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion and fixation and caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers or by loss of elasticity of the skin

A

contracture deformity

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5
Q

Scab or dry crust of dead tissue resulting from a thermal or chemical burn

A

eschar

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6
Q

Surgical incision that splits an eschar to prevent or relieve compartment syndrome

A

escharotomy

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7
Q

Burn injury in which entire thickness of epidermis and dermis is destroyed

A

full-thickness burn

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8
Q

Upper or lower airway injury that results from thermal or chemical exposure

A

Inhalation burn

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9
Q

Method to estimate burn injury that assigns specific numbers to EACH body part and accounts for developmental changes

A

Lund and Browder chart

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10
Q

Formula used to calculate fluid resuscitation for burn-injured patient over the first 24 hours

A

Parkland formula

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11
Q

Burn injury that extends through the epidermis into the dermis. (Two types)

A

Partial thickness burn
-Superficial partial-thickness
-Deep partial-thickness

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12
Q

Method to estimate burn injury that divides TBSA into segments that are multiples of 9%

A

Rule of nines

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13
Q

Portion of skin implanted to cover areas where skin has been lost through burns or injury

A

skin graft

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14
Q

Inhalation injury caused by the accumulation of toxic by-products of combustion

A

smoke inhalation injury

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15
Q

Burn injury in which only a superficial layer of epidermal cells is destroyed

A

Superficial burn

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16
Q

Central area of a burn that has sustained the most intense contact with the thermal source. Tissue is nonviable

A

Zone of coagulation

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17
Q

Area of burn in which blood flow is increased as a result of the normal inflammatory response to injury

A

Zone of hyperemia

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18
Q

Area of burn tissue that surrounds the critically injured area. Consists of tissue that is potentially viable despite the serious thermal injury

A

Zone of stasis

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19
Q

Transfer of energy to living cells causes what kind of injuries?

A

Burn injuries

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20
Q

4 types of burn injuries

A

Thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation

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21
Q

Majority of burns are what type?

A

Thermal burns

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22
Q

Burn caused by a substance capable of producing chemical changes in the skin

A

Chemical burns

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23
Q

Burns that result from direct contact with an electrical current and can also result from the arcing of electricity

A

Electrical burn

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24
Q

Burn injury caused by ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

A

Radiation burn

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25
Q

What do burn injuries do?

A

Immediately destroy cells or fully disrupt their metabolic functions that cellular death ensues

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26
Q

Three distinct zones of injury from MAJOR burns

A

Zone of…
coagulation
stasis
hyperemia

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27
Q

Rule of 9s ADULT

A

Head - 9%
Back - 18%
Front - 18%
Arms - 9%
Legs - 18%
Genitals - 1%

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28
Q

Rule of 9s PED

A

Head - 12%
Back - 18%
Front - 18%
Arms - 9%
Legs - 16.5%
Genitals - 1%

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29
Q

Rule of 9s Infant

A

Head - 18%
Back - 18%
Front - 18%
Arms - 9%
Legs - 13.5%
Genitals - 1%

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30
Q

What is included in TBSA burn calculation?

A

ONLY Partial- and full-thickness burns

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31
Q

Major concern of a burn patient (especially with inhalation injury)

A

Airway management - BE AGGRESSIVE

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32
Q

When does the greatest loss of intravascular fluid occur?

A

First 8-12 hours

33
Q

1st step in managing burn patient

A

Stop the burn process

34
Q

Key signs that airway is narrowing

A

Vocal changes and stridor

35
Q

Gold standard in assessing pt’s ventilation status

A

ETCO2

36
Q

Preferred fluid of choice for fluid resuscitation for burn pts

A

Lactated Ringers

37
Q

Fluid resuscitation formula that can be used for pts that weigh at least 40 kg

A

Rule of 10s

38
Q

Two main mechanisms of direct injury to the lung tissue

A

Heat
Toxic material inhalation

39
Q

What do most lower airway injuries in fires result from?

A

Inhalation of toxic chemicals

40
Q

3 types of caustic agents associated with burn injuries

A

Acid
Alkali
Organic compounds

41
Q

High pH. Hydroxides and carbonates of sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, barium, and calcium.

A

Alkalis

42
Q

Low pH. Household cleaners such as rust remover, bathroom cleaners, and swimming pool acidifiers.

A

Acids

43
Q

Chemicals that contain carbons. Phenols, creosote, petroleum products.

A

Organic compounds

44
Q

Treatment for burn injury to eye.

A

Liberal irrigation

45
Q

Most superior for irrigation of eye burns

A

Water

46
Q

One of the most corrosive materials known. Used for industrial cleaning of fabrics and metals, glass etching, and manufacture of silicone chips.

May cause SEVERE hypocalcemia.

A

Hydrofluoric acid

47
Q

Skin contact with this aromatic hydrocarbon results in local tissue coagulation and systemic toxicity if absorbed.

A

Phenol (carbolic acid)

48
Q

Noxious irritating gas that is strong alkali and very soluble in water.

A

Ammonia

49
Q

Have S&Sx similar to ammonia but include bronchiolar burns and develop wheezing

A

Chlorine

50
Q

Two highly reactive metals that are highly contraindicated with water.

A

Sodium
Potassium

51
Q

3 types of electrical injuries

A

Direct-contact burns
Arc injuries
Flash burns

52
Q

Electrical burns that occur when electric current directly penetrates the resistance of the skin and underlying tissues

A

Direct-contact burns

53
Q

Electrical burns that occur when a person is close enough to a high-voltage source that the current between two contact points near the skin overcomes the resistance in the air

A

Arc injuries

54
Q

Electrical burn that occurs when the heat of electrical current ignites nearby combustible source

A

Flash burn injury

55
Q

What part of electrical burn poses the greatest threat to the pt’s life?

A

Area between entrance and exit wound

56
Q

First point of contact with electric current

A

Skin

57
Q

Measure of the current flow per unit of time

A

Amperage

58
Q

Continuous force applied to any electrical circuit that produces a flow of electricity

A

Voltage

59
Q

Two types of current

A

AC and DC

60
Q

Tissue that is good conductor

A

Nerve tissue

61
Q

Serious complication from significant direct-contact electrical injuries

A

Acute renal failure

62
Q

Amps, Volts, and Temp delivered by lightning

A

200,000 Amps
100 million Volts
50,000 degrees F

63
Q

Lightning injuries of conscious

A

Minor

64
Q

Lightning injury with combative or comatose

A

Moderate

65
Q

Lightning injury with immediate brain damage, seizures, resp paralysis, and cardiac arrest

A

Major

66
Q

Most common radiation incidents

A

Sealed radioactive sources

67
Q

Results from energy released by atoms and travels in electromagnetic waves

A

Ionizing radiation

68
Q

Most dangerous form of internal radiation exposure.
Large particles that travel only a few millimeters.
Stopped by what?

A

alpha
clothing, paper, skin

69
Q

Radiation that can penetrate subcutaneous tissue
What PPE required?

A

Beta
Full PPE including SCBA

70
Q

Most dangerous form of penetrating radiation.

A

Gamma

71
Q

Radiation that includes radio waves and microwaves

A

Non-ionizing

72
Q

Units used to measure radiation

A

rad and rem

73
Q

Radiation effects that occur when exposed to penetrating radiation from external source

A

External irradiation

74
Q

Radiation effect that occurs when radioactive material is released into the environment

A

Contamination

75
Q

Radiation effect that refers to the uptake of radioactive material by body cells, tissues, and target organs.

A

Incorporation

76
Q

4 parts of basic radiation protection

A

Time
Distance
Shielding
Quantity

77
Q

Radiation exposure but without contamination

A

Clean

78
Q

Radiation exposure with contamination

A

Dirty

Trauma (4 decks)

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