Bleeding and Soft Tissue Trauma

Question 1

Partial thickness injury caused by scraping or rubbing away layer of skin

Answer 1

abrasion

Question 2

Complete or partial loss of limb caused by mechanical force

Answer 2

amputation

Question 3

Full-thickness skin loss in which the wound edges cannot be approximated

Answer 3

avulsion

Question 4

Result of an intolerably high pressure within a body space or cavity causing compromise of blood flow. Most common in the extremities due to compressive forces or blunt trauma to muscle groups confined in tight fibrous sheaths, but may also be seen in overuse situations.

Answer 4

compartment syndrome

Question 5

Closed, soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain

Answer 5

contusion

Question 6

Injury from exposure of tissue to a compressive force sufficient to interfere with normal structure and metabolic

Answer 6

crush injury

Question 7

Life-threatening complication of prolonged immobilization or compressive forces

Answer 7

crush syndrome

Question 8

Dense layer of fibrous tissue beneath dermis; provides insulation, cushioning etc

Answer 8

deep fascia

Question 9

Injury usually involving the hand or finger; soft tissue is removed down to the bone

Answer 9

degloving injury

Question 10

Dense, irregular connective tissue that forms the deep layer of the skin

Answer 10

dermis

Question 11

Skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels

Answer 11

ecchymosis

Question 12

Outer portion of skin; formed of epithelial tissue that rests on or covers the dermis

Answer 12

epidermis

Question 13

Closed injury characterized by blood vessel disruption and swelling beneath the epidermis

Answer 13

hematoma

Question 14

Disruption or leak in the vascular system resulting in the flow of blood

Answer 14

hemorrhage

Question 15

Excess accumulation of scar tissue within the original wound borders

Answer 15

hypertropic scar

Question 16

Compressible bleeding in a location where a tourniquet cannot be placed

Answer 16

junctional hemorrhage

Question 17

Excessive accumulation of scar tissue that extends beyond the original wound borders

Answer 17

keloid

Question 18

Torn or jagged wound

Answer 18

laceration

Question 19

Penetrating injury that is deeper than it is long

Answer 19

puncture wound

Question 20

Acute sometimes fatal disease characterized by destruction of skeletal muscle

Answer 20

rhabdomyolysis

Question 21

Constricting or compressing device used to control venous and arterial bleeding in an extremity

Answer 21

tourniquet

Question 22

Three steps of clotting

Answer 22

1. Prothrombin activator formed in response to rupture
2. Prothrombin activator stimulates conversion or prothrombin to thrombin
3. Thrombin acts as enzyme to convert fibrinogen into fibrin threads

Question 23

Main structural protein of most body tissues

Answer 23

collagen

Question 24

Two classifications of soft-tissue injuries

Answer 24

open and closed

Question 25

Specific injury caused by combination of puncture, laceration, avulsion, and crush injury

Answer 25

animal or human bite

Question 26

Six Ps of compartment syndrome

Answer 26

Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Poikilothermia

Question 27

Antifibrinolytic medication used to reduce or prevent bleeding

Answer 27

Tranexamic acid (TXA)

Question 28

3 harmful processes that occur when releasing from crush injury

Answer 28

1. Oxygen rich blood returns to site and causes pooling of intravascular volume
2. Metabolic acidosis; hyperK, hypocalcemia
3. Myoglobin released from damaged cells clog in kidneys- acute renal failure