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Trauma > Overview and MOI > Flashcards

Overview and MOI Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in the velocity of moving object

A

Acceleration

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2
Q

Injury produced by the wounding forces of compression and change of speed

A

blunt trauma

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3
Q

Temporary or permanent opening produced by a force that pushes body tissues laterally away from the track of a projectile

A

cavitation

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4
Q

Decrease in the velocity of a moving object

A

deceleration

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5
Q

Phase of trauma that refers to the trauma event

A

event phase

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6
Q

Process of predicting injury patterns that can result from the forces and motions of energy

A

kinematics

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7
Q

Injury produced by crushing and stretching forces of a penetrating object resulting in tissue disruption

A

penetrating trauma

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8
Q

Phase of trauma in which emergency care is delivered to injured patients

A

postevent phase

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9
Q

Phase of trauma that refers to the prevention of intentional and unintentional trauma deaths

A

preevent phase

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10
Q

Specialized medical facilities distinguished by the immediate availability of specialized personnel, equipment, and services to treat most severe and critical injuries

A

trauma centers

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11
Q

Leading cause of death among 1-44 y/o in US

A

unintentional death

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12
Q

Leading cause of unintentional death in US

A

poisoning (overdose)

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13
Q

Death that occurs within seconds or minutes of the injury

A

immediate death

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14
Q

Death that occurs within 2-3 hours following injury

A

early death

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15
Q

Death that occurs days or weeks after an injury

A

late death

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16
Q

Trauma center that has full range of specialists and equipment available 24/7. Has a research program

A

level I trauma center

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17
Q

Trauma center that works in collaboration with level I; provides 24/7 of all essential specialties bur is not required to have research program

A

level II trauma center

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18
Q

Trauma center that has resources for emergency care, 24/7 ER physicians, and on-call general surgery and anesthesiologists. Has transfer agreements with level I and II

A

level III trauma center

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19
Q

Trauma center that provides initial evaluation, emergency resuscitation, but most patients will require transfer to higher-level. 24/7 ER doc and 24/7 lab.

A

level IV trauma center

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20
Q

Trauma center that has basic ED facilities and transfer agreements with level I and II

A

level V trauma center

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21
Q

Committee that established guidelines for field triage, interhospital triage to specialized care facilities, and mass-casualty triage

A

ACS Committee

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22
Q

Extent of injury is determined by 3 things

A
  1. Type
  2. Speed
  3. Part of body
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23
Q

Object remains in its current state unless acted upon by an outside force

A

Newton’s first law of motion

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24
Q

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It only changes form

A

Conservation of energy law

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25
Q

Force = Mass x Acceleration or Deceleration

A

Newton’s second law of motion

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26
Q

Equal to 1/2 Mass x Velocity(squared)

A

Kinetic energy

27
Q

3 separate impacts caused by vehicle crash

A
  1. Vehicle strikes object
  2. Pt strikes inside vehicle
  3. Organs strike inside wall of pt
28
Q

Crashes that result when forward motion stops abruptly

A

Head-on crashes

29
Q

Pathway in which occupant travels downward into the vehicle seat and forward into the dashboard or steering column

A

down-and-under pathway

30
Q

Pathway in which occupant’s body is in forward upward motion and strikes the steering wheel

A

up-and-over pathway

31
Q

Crashes that occurs when a vehicle is struck from the side

A

lateral impact

32
Q

Crash that occurs when vehicle is struck from behind rapidly accelerating and causing it to move forward under the occupant

A

rear-end impact

33
Q

Crash in which an off-center portion of the vehicle strikes an immovable or slower moving object

A

rotational impact

34
Q

Crash in which the occupant tumbles inside and can be ejected

A

rollover

35
Q

Serious hazard to unrestrained occupant

A

ejection from vehicle

36
Q

Most commonly used active restraint system

A

lap belt

37
Q

Active restraint that helps absorb the forward motion of the thorax

A

diagonal shoulder strap

38
Q

Leading cause of death in children 1-4 y/o

A

injuries sustained in MVA

39
Q

What happens to the brain when the cranium comes to an abrupt stop?

A

Continues to move forward until it strikes the interior cranium

40
Q

Severe deceleration forces can injure the aorta how?

A

By shearing it from fixed points such as the thoracic spine or sheared at the level of its ligamentum arteriosum attachment

41
Q

Serious lung injury that can occur from compression forces to the thoracic

A

paper bag effect

42
Q

Common injuries caused by abdominal compression injuries (4)

A

rupture bladder
laceration of spleen, liver, kidneys

43
Q

Where is the center of gravity on MC
Causes what when front end collides with object

A

above the front axle
tips forward and rider is propelled forward

44
Q

3 separate impacts caused by MVA vs Pedestrian

A
  1. Bumper strikes pedestrian
  2. Pedestrian strikes hood
  3. Pedestrian strikes ground
45
Q

How do adults vs children protect themselves from oncoming vehicle

A

adult turns away
child faces oncoming

46
Q

Injury sustained through exposure to a pressure field that is produced by an explosion of volatile substance

A

blast injury

47
Q

Blast injury resulting from sudden changes in environmental pressures from a high-order detonation (occur in gas-containing organs)

A

primary blast injury

48
Q

Lung injury caused by blast wave from high-explosive detonations on the body

A

blast lung injury (BLI)

49
Q

Blast injury resulting when bystanders are struck by flying debris

A

secondary blast injury

50
Q

Blast injury resulting when people are propelled through space by an explosion or blast wind and strike a stationary object

A

tertiary blast injury

51
Q

Blast injury resulting from all other explosion-related injuries

A

quaternary blast injury

52
Q

Falls from which height are associated with severe injuries?

A

3 or more times person’s height

53
Q

More than what height do falls normally land on their feet?

A

more than 15 feet

54
Q

Less than what height do falls normally land the position they fell?

A

less than 15 feet

55
Q

What injury do children that have vertical falls usually sustain?

A

head injury

56
Q

Older patients normally sustain what injury with falls?

A

hip fractures

57
Q

In reference to ballistic trauma, how is mass and velocity related to energy?

A

double mass double energy
double velocity quadruple energy

58
Q

Type of energy projectile caused by knives and hand-held stab objects

A

Low-energy projectile

59
Q

Firearms are what type of energy projectile?

A

medium to high-energy projectile

60
Q

Short-range, low-velocity weapons that fire multiple pellets

A

shotgun

61
Q

Shape of entrance wound

A

round, oval

62
Q

Results as the bullet exits the body

A

skin explodes causing ragged and torn skin

63
Q

Scene size-up element that can be used to guide assessment for trauma pt

A

MOI

Trauma (4 decks)

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