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Preclerkship > Spine Anatomy > Flashcards

Spine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

C7 has the most ___
T3 is level with ___
T7 level with ____
L4 level with ____

A

C7 - Prominent vertebral spine (vertebra prominens)
T3 - Scapular spine
T7 - Inferior angle of scapula
L4 - Iliac crest

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2
Q

Cervical spine has ___ curvature and ___ vertebrae

A

Lordotic

7

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3
Q

What is the C1 vertebra called? What is unique about it?

A

C1 = Atlas (holding up the world!)
No spinous process or body
Posterior/anterior arch/tubercle
Brainstem narrowing to form spinal cord needs large foramen

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4
Q

C2 is called what? How unique?

A

Axis (articular w/ C1 allows head to pivot)

Dens inserts into “facet for dens” on C1

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5
Q

COmplex with C1 and C2? What movements does this allow?

A

Occiput-Atlas-Axis Complex

Allows nodding/shaking head

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6
Q

What is unique about transverse processes in cervical vertebrae?
Risk of spinal manipulation here?

A

Transverse foramen for passage of vertebral artery

Vertebral artery dissection

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7
Q

Thoracic spine has ___ curve and consists of ___ vertebrae

Unique features?

A

Kyphotic
12 vertebrae
Costal facets

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8
Q

Lumbar spine has ___ curvature

__ vertebrae

A 
Lordotic
5 vertebrae (bigger as you go lower)
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9
Q

Which part of the spine has heart-shaped vertebral bodies?

A

Thoracic

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10
Q

Curvature of sacral spine?

How many vertebrae?

A

Kyphotic

5 fused vertebrae

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11
Q

How many vertebrae in the coccyx?

A

3 2-(fused)

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12
Q

Sacral canal/hiatus are continuation of?

A

Vertebral foramen in C/T/L spines

nerves then exit through ant/post sacral foramina

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13
Q

What is the joint between the occipital condyles of skull + superior articular facets of atlas?
Type of joint?
Motion?

A

Atlanto-occipital
Synovial
Nodding (flexion)

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14
Q

How many atlanto-axial joints are there? Motion?

Held i place by what ligament?

A

2 LAJ + 1 MAJ (dens)
Pivoting of head
Transverse ligament of atlas

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15
Q

Joints between uncinate processes and inferolateral vertebral bodies above from C3-C7

A

Uncovertebral joints

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16
Q

What are zygapophyseal (facet) joints?

A

Plane, synovial joints

Between inferior/superior articular processes

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17
Q

Describe intervertebral joints

A

Fibrocartilaginous joints

Bw vertebral bodies + intervertebral discs

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18
Q

Between which vertebae is there no intervertebral joint?

A

C1-C2 (atlas has no body)

19
Q

Components of intervertebral disc

A 
Annulus fibrosis (thick outer fibour ring)
Inner nucleus pulposus (gelatinous, avascular)
20
Q

2 types of joints articulating with ribs. Between what and what?

A 
Costovertebral joints (head of rib w/ costal facets)
Costotransverse joints (transverse process w/ costal tubercle)
21
Q

Name 5 ligaments supporting spine

A

Anterior (anterior to vertebral bodies)
Posterior (within vertebral canal)
Supraspinous (on spinous processes, becomes nuchal ligament in neck)
Interspinous ligament (b/w spinous processes)
Ligamenta flava (b/w laminae)

22
Q

Innominate bone AKA? Made up of what 3 bones?

A

Os coxae

Ilium + ischium + pubis

23
Q

3 important ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Sacrospinous (sacrum –> ischial spine)
Sacrotuberous (sacrum –> ischial tuberosity)
Sacroiliac (SI joint)

24
Q

What nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen? Which pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

GSF: sciatic + gluteal
LSF: pudendal + obturator

25
Q

What muscles (4) oppose too much rotation of sacrum forward + coccyx backward under weight of spine?

A

Rectus abdominus
External obliques
Glutes + hamstrings

26
Q

Tapered bottom of SC = ? At what spinal level? What is below that?

A

Conus medularis @ L1-L2

Cauda equina = bundle of nerves below

27
Q

3 meninges

A

Dura (thick exterior)
Arachnoid
Pia (spray-paint like interior)

28
Q

Space between dura + arachnoid mater. What is this space?

A 
Subdural space
POTENTIAL space (blood can collect there but not usually filled)
29
Q

Between arachnoid + pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

30
Q

Dura has ___ and ___ layer. Only ___ layer continues into the SC

A

Endosteal + meningeal

Only meningeal in SC

31
Q

Arachnoid mater lacks..

A

Vascularity/innervation

32
Q

Dural sinuses are between __ and ___

A

Endosteal + meningeal layers (full of venous blood, drain thebrain)

33
Q

Dural septa =

What are the 4?

A 
2 layers of meningeal dura
Falx cerebri (divides hmisphere)
Tentorium cerebelli (cerebrum from cerebellum)
Falx cerebelli (halves of cerebellum)
Diaphragma sellae (covers sella turcica/pituitary)
34
Q

3 types of extracerebral hemorrhages

A

Epidural (above dura, usually arterial blood)
Subdural (below dura, usually venous)
Subarachnoid

35
Q

Which space contains CSF?

A

Subarachnoid

36
Q

Epidural space is posterior to ___, highly___ and filled with ___

A

Posterior to dura mater, highly vascularized, filled with fat

37
Q

For lumbar puncture/epidural the needles pass through what layers?

A

Skin, subQ fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flava
Then for LP go through dura + arachnoid maters

38
Q

Epidural/LP should be performed at what spinal level and why?

A

BELOW conus medularis (e.g. L3-L4)

39
Q

What 2 opposing muscles perform flexion and extension of neck? Innervation?

A

SCM (flex)
Traps (ext)
Accessory nerve for both

40
Q

Name 4 extrinsic back muscles

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Teres major

41
Q

Deep muscles: (supplied by dorsal rami)

- name 5 superficial deep back muscles (2 categories

A

1) Erector spinae: Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis (“I like standing” from lat –> med)
2) Splenius cervicis + capitus

42
Q

Deep muscles: (supplied by dorsal rami)

- name 3 DEEP deep back muscles

A

Transverso-spinal group: semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus

43
Q

“Hands in pockets” are which abdominal muscles?

A

External obliques (internal are up twd sternum)

44
Q

Abdominal muscles from external to internal

A

External obliques
Internal obliques
Rectus abdominus
Transversus abdominus

Preclerkship (25 decks)

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