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Preclerkship > Lower limb > Flashcards

Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Lumbar plexus made up of ventral rami from what spinal levels?

A

L2-S4

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2
Q

5 key nerves of lumbosacral plexus? (flexor + extensor)

A

Extensors: Femoral (knee) + obturator (hip)
Flexors: Sciatic –> tibial (knee, plantar flexors), fibular (dorsiflexors)
*also superior/inferior gluteal nerves

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3
Q

2 main fascia of lower limb

A 
Fascia lata (thigh)
Crural fascia (deep fascia of shank)
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4
Q

Arterial supply of lower limb

A

Abdominal aorta –> common iliac –> internal iliac (pelvis) + external iliac (leg) –> under inguinal ligament –> deep artery of thigh –> through adductor hiatus –> popliteal arterial –> bifucates into anterior tibia –> dorsal pedal & posterior tibial –> medial plantar & fibular

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5
Q

what are the 4 gluteal compartments?

A

Iliopsoas
Gluteals
Deep rotators (lateral rotation, incld piriformis)
Hip adductors

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6
Q

Role of iliopsoas muscles? Which 2 muscles? Innervation

A

1) Psoas
2) Iliacus
Function: hip flexion
Nerve: femoral

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7
Q

Role of gluteal muscles? Which muscles? innervation?

A

Gluteus maximus –> hip extension, lat rotation; inferior gluteal nerve
Glut med/min/tensor fascia lata –> Hip abduction, medial rotation; superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

___ is important for landmarking the sciatic nerve

A

Piriformis (doesn’t INNERVATE this though)

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9
Q

Fibular nerve AKA

A

Peroneal

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10
Q

3 compartments of thigh + innervation

A

Medial (adductors) - obturator
Posterior (flexors) - Sciatic (tibial)
Anterior (extensors - femoral

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11
Q

4 compartments of leg + innervation

A

Anterior (extensors) = deep peroneal
Posterior (flexors) deep/superficial - sciatic
Lateral (abductors) - superficial peroneal N

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12
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment of thigh

A

Quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus intermedius/medialis/lateralis
Sartorius

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13
Q

Quadriceps femoris attached to patella via what?

A 
Patellar tendon
(patella connected to tibial tuberosity by patellar LIGAMENT which is actually continuous with the tendon)
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14
Q

Which muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are dual joint?

A

Sartorius + rectus femoris (knee extension + hip flexion)

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15
Q

Muscles of medial compartment of thigh

A

Adductor longus, gracilis
Deeper: adductor brevis + adductor magnus
(Main innervation = obturator; main function = hip adduction, flexion + medial rotation)

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16
Q

Important gateway for structures to move from anterior thigh into posterior leg

A

Adductor hiatis (in adductor magnus)

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17
Q

Muscles of posterior compartment of thigh

A

Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris (long + short heads) - lateral
Semitendinosis + semimembranosus (medial)
(Innervation: sciatic nerve - tibial)

18
Q

Muscle of anterior compartment of the leg

A 
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
N = deep fibular (peroneal)
Ankle dorsiflexion/digit extension
19
Q

Muscles/nerves of lateral compartment of the leg

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
N = superficial fibular (peroneal)
Ankle eversion

20
Q

Which muscle helps maintain plantar arch by crossing beneath foot and inserting at 1st metatarsal

A

Fibularis longus

21
Q

Fibularis longus/brevis travel behind ___ and are held in place by ____

A

Lateral malleolus

Peroneal retinaculum

22
Q

Muscles of the superior posterior compartment of the leg

Innervation?

A

Gastrocnemius (lateral/medial heads)
Soleus (deep)
N = tibial

23
Q

The triceps surae is what? How does it attach to the calcaneus?

A

Gastrocs + soleus

Attaches via Achilles’ (calcaneal) tendon

24
Q

Muscles of deep posterior compartment

Innervation?

A

Tib post
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucinus longus
N = tibial nerve

25
Q

Muscles of deep posterior compartment of leg travel around ___ to get to foot under what?
Order of structures inside?

A

Medial malleolus
Flexor retinaculum
“Tom Dick and Not Harry”
TP, FDL, Posterior Tib A, Post. Tib N, FHL (ant ti post)

26
Q

Socket of the hipbone (where head of femur fits)

What deepens this?

A

Acetabulum

Acetabular labrum

27
Q

3 important ligaments of hip joint

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

28
Q

When walking, which muscle contracts on swing leg? Which on the supported leg?

A 
Quadratus Lumborum (unsupported leg)
Gluteus medius (supported leg)
29
Q

What is the “unhappy triad” knee injury?

A

Damage to ACL + medial meniscus + MCL

Force to lateral femur

30
Q

Cruciate ligaments are in the ____ but outside the ___

A

In the joint capsule

outside the synovial membrane

31
Q

PCL injury would happen why?

A

Hyperextension of knee or blow to tibial tuberosity

32
Q

Structures on the __ side of the knee are more secure/attached, on the __ side more forgiving

A 
Medial = attached
Lateral = mobile
33
Q

Define meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage shock absorbers that deepen + stabilize articulating surfaces

34
Q

Medial meniscus is __ mobile and __ injury prone. Why?

A

Less mobile
More injuries
Because connected to MCL

35
Q

Pes Anserine

A

“Goose Foot”

Insertion of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosis (on medial side of tibia)

36
Q

Medial palpable tuberosity on foot = what bone?

A

Navicular

37
Q

Main ankle joint

A

Talocrural joint (talus + tib/fib (mortise))

38
Q

What joint allows foot to invert/evert?

A

Subtalar joint (talus, calcaneus, navicular

39
Q

2 ligaments of ankle that are injured in high ankle sprain?

A

Ant/Post tibiofibular ligament (stabilize inferior tibiofibular joint)

40
Q

Talocrural joint:

  • 3 stabilizing lateral ligaments
  • 1 main medial ligament
A

Lateral: anterior/posterior talofibular + calcaneofibular

Medial = deltoid ligament

41
Q

What might be damaged in an inversion sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

Calcaneofibular ligament

Preclerkship (25 decks)

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