Spine

Question 1

Causes of Scoliosis

Answer 1

Idiopathic, Congenital, Neuropathic, Neuromuscular, Neurogenic disease, post-radiation, leg length, tumoral and infection

Question 2

Tumoral cause of Scoliosis

Answer 2

Osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, intraspinal tumor

Question 3

Mesodermal and neuroectodermal cause of Scoliosis

Answer 3

NF, Marfan, Homocystinuria, skeletal dysplasia (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, metatropic dwarfism, diastrophic dwarfism)

Question 4

Neuromuscular disease of scoliosis

Answer 4

Myelomeningocele, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Friedreich ataxia

Question 5

Neuropathic disease of scoliosis

Answer 5

Tethered cord, syringomyelia, Chiari malformation, diastematomyelia, meningocele/myelomeningocele

Question 6

Congenital disease of scoliosis

Answer 6

Hemivertebra, failure of segmentation

Question 7

Solitary collapsed vertebra

Answer 7

Neo - mets, MM/plasma, lymphoma
Osteoporosis
Trauma
Infection
LCH
Benign tumor - Hemangioma, GCT, ABC
Paget disease

Question 8

Multiple collapsed vertebra

Answer 8

Osteoporosis
Neo - MM, leukemia and lymphoma
Trauma
Scheuermann disease
Infection
LCH
Sickle-cell anemia

Question 9

Pedicle destruction

Answer 9

Mets, MM, neurofibroma, TB, congenital, benign tumor (ABC and GCT)

Question 10

Dense pedicle

Answer 10

Osteoblastic mets, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma

Question 11

Generalized enlarged VB

Answer 11

Gigantism and acromegaly

Question 12

Solitary or multiple enlarged VB

Answer 12

Paget, benign tumor (ABC, hemangioma, GCT), hydatid

Question 13

Vertebral body squaring

Answer 13

AS, paget disease, Ps A., Reactive, RA

Question 14

Block vertebra

Answer 14

Klippel-Feil, idiopathic, RA, AS, TB, post-surgical/traumatic

Question 15

Ivory vertebral body

Answer 15

Mets, paget disease, lymphoma, low grade infection, hemangioma

Question 16

C1/C2 subluxation

Answer 16

Arthritides (RA, Ps A, JIA, SLE, AS), congenital (Down, Morquio, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, hypoplastic dens), retropharyngeal abscess

Question 17

IVD calcification

Answer 17

Degenerative, Alkaptonuria, CPPD, AS, JIA, Hemochromatosis, DISH, Gout

Question 18

Posterior vertebral scalloping

Answer 18

Spinal canal tumors, neurofibromatosis, acromegaly, achondroplasia, communicating hydrocephalus, syringomyelia, congenital (Ehler-Danlos, Marfan, Hurler, Morquio, OI)

Question 19

Anterior vertebral scalloping

Answer 19

Aortic aneurysm, TB, lymphadenopathy, delayed motor development (Down syn)

Question 20

Widened interpedicular distance

Answer 20

Meningomyelocele, intraspinal masses, diastematomyelia, trauma

Question 21

Extradural spinal lesion

Answer 21

Disc herniation, Mets, myeloma, lymphoma, neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, meningioma, hematoma, abscess, arachnoid cyst

Question 22

Intradural spinal lesion

Answer 22

Meningioma, neurofibroma, mets, subdural empyema

Question 23

Intramedullary spinal lesion

Answer 23

Ependymoma, astrocytoma, dermoid, infarct, hematoma