Abdomen - GIT Flashcards
Pneumoperitoneum
Perforation from peptic ulcer, infarction, malignant neoplasm, obstruction, iatrogenic
Gasless abdomen
Ascites, pancreatitis, bowel obstruction, abdominal mass
Upper third pharyngeal diverticulum
Zenker, lateral pharyngeal (glass blowers or trumpeters) and Killian-Jamieson
Middle third pharyngeal diverticulum
Traction and congenital
Lower third pharyngeal diverticulum
Ulcer, Mallory-Weiss, Postsurgical
Esophageal ulceration
Inflammatory (Reflux, Barrett, Candida, Caustic, Crohn and drug-induced) and Neoplastic (Leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma)
Smooth esophageal strictures
Inflammatory (Scleroderma, iatrogenic), neoplastic (SCC, leiomyoma, mediastinal mass) and Achalasia
Irregular esophageal stricture
Inflammatory (Reflux or Crohn), Neoplastic (Plummer-Vinson, Barrett, SCC, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma)
Primary malignant stomach neoplasm with filling defect
Carcinoma, Lymphoma, GIST
Polyps with stomach filling defect
Hyperplastic (MC), adenomatous (ass’d pernicious anemia) and hamartomatous (multiple, antrum, Peutz-Jegher, Gardner syndrome)
Submucosal stomach masses with filling defect
Leiomyoma, Lipoma, Neurofibroma and Mets
Thickened stomach folds
Inflammatory (Gastritis, Zollinger-Ellison, Crohn, acute pancreatitis), Neoplastic (Lymphoma, carcinoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis) , Menetrier disease and Varices
Linitis plastica
Neo (gastric carcinoma, lymphoma, mets (breast), pancreatic carcinoma), inflammatory (Corrosives, radiotherapy, TB, eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Bulls-eye lesion in stomach
Submucosal mets (melanoma, lymphoma commonest), leiomyoma, Pancreatic rests, neurofibroma
Decreased duodenal folds
Scleroderma, Crohn, cystic fibrosis, amyloidosis
Duodenal fold thickening or mass
Neo (adenocarcinoma, Brunner gland hamartoma, adenoma, GIST, leiomyoma, lymphona, NET, mets (melanoma, breast or lung)), inflammatory (ulcer, Crohn, hamatoma, ischemia, worm infestation)
Dilated small bowel with normal folds
Mechanical obstruction, paralytic ileus, celiac disease, scleroderma
Dilation small bowel with thickened folds
Ischemia, Crohn, Lymphoma, Zollinger-Ellison
Small bowel strictures
Crohn, radiation, lymphoma, carcinoma, mets
Thickened folds in non-dilated small bowel - regular and smooth
Intramural hematoma, ischemia, radiation therapy, edema, amyloidosis or eosinophilic enteritis
Thickened folds in non-dilated small bowel - IRrregular and distorted
Crohn, Zollinger-ellison, lymhoma, mets, TB, amyloidosis, Giardiasis
Multiple nodules in small bowel
Crohns, Whipple disease, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, Polyposis (Peutz-Jegher, Gardner, Canada-Crohnkite), infection (thypoid, yersinia
Colonic polyps
Adenomatous (Simple, familial polyposis syndromes), hamartomatous (Peutz-Jegher), ulcerative colitis, Crohn, Canada-Cronkite
Colonic strictures
Neo (Carcinoma, lymhoma), Inflam (UC, Crohn), ischemia, infective (TB, amoeba, schistosomiasis), extrinsic mass (tumors or endometriosis)
Diffuse colitis
UC, CMV, Ecoli, pseudomembranous colitis
Primarily Right-sided colitis
Crohn, Salmonella, TB, ischemia
Primarily left-sided colitis
UC, ischemia, diverticultis, epiploic appendagitis
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Low risk (asthma, cystic fibrosis, collagen vascular disease, corticosteroids) and high risk (ischemia, intestinal obstruction, toxic megacolon, trauma)
Megacolon in an adult WITHOUT mucosal changes
Distal obstruction, ileus, purgative abuse
Megacolon in an adult WITH mucosal changes
Inflam (UC, Crohn), ischemia, dysentry
Colonic thumbprinting
UC, Crohn, Ischemia, schistosomiasis, lymphoma and mets
Cystic pancreatic mass
Pseudocyst, VHL, carcinoma
Paraaortic cystic nodes
Testicular or cervical carcinoma
Retroperitoneal cystic tumor
Lymphangioma, leiomyosarcoma, cystic teratoma, Mullerian cyst
Retrorectal space widening (>1.5cm at S4)
Normal in obese, inflam (UC, Crohn, abscess), Neo (carcinoma, mets, sacral tumors), developmental cysts
Cystic renal masses
Polycystic kidney disease, Cortical cysts (simple or VHL, Turner, tuberous sclerosis-related), medullary cysts