Spine Flashcards
1
Q
Level of T9-10
A
Xiphoid Process
2
Q
Level of L2-3
A
Lower costal margin
3
Q
Level of L4-5
A
Iliac crest
4
Q
Level of S1-2
A
ASIS
5
Q
Lateral margins of the ____ visible on AP lumbar spine
A
psoas muscle
6
Q
___ through ___ visible on AP/AP Oblique lumbar spine
A
T12; S1
7
Q
CR for 11 x 17 field of AP and lateral lumbar spine
A
level of iliac crest (L4-5)
8
Q
CR for 11 x 14 field of AP and lateral lumbar spine
A
L3
9
Q
Patient positions (x2) for AP oblique lumbar spine
A
RPO, LPO
10
Q
Patient rotation for oblique lumbar spine
A
45 degrees
11
Q
Suspend respiration on ____ for lumbar spine
A
expiration
12
Q
CR centering for oblique lumbar spine
A
L3 (1-2 inches above iliac crest, 2 inches medial to ASIS)
13
Q
lumbar spine obliques best visualize:
A
zygapophyseal joints
14
Q
___ edge of the pedicle situated in the center of the vertebral body on lumbar oblique image
A
Posterior
15
Q
____-____ aspect of vertebral bodies superimposed on lateral L-spine
A
posterior-lateral
16
Q
Open ____ and ____ on lateral L-spine
A
intervertebral foramen; disc spaces
17
Q
CR centering for for lumbar flexion/extension
A
fusion site (if known) or level of iliac crest (L4-5)
18
Q
No rotation indicated by superimposition of these two things on flexion/extension L-spine:
A
greater sciatic notches and posterior vertebral bodies
19
Q
CR angulation of L5-S1 spot shot
A
5-8 degrees caudad (if needed/patient is hippy)
20
Q
CR centering for L5-S1 spot shot
A
1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest and 2 inches posterior to the ASIS
21
Q
Open ___ joint on L-spine spot shot
A
L5-S1
22
Q
CR angulation/centering for AP axial sacrum
A
15 degrees cephalad 2 inches above pubic symphysis
23
Q
CR angulation for prone axial sacrum
A
15 degrees caudad
24
Q
Joints visible on AP axial sacrum
A
SI joints and L5-S1
25
___ and ___ not superimposed on AP axial sacrum
sacral foramen and pubis
26
No rotation on a AP axial sacrum is indicated by alignment of the mid sagittal crest with:
the coccyx and symphysis pubis
27
CR angulation and centering for AP axial coccyx (supine)
10 degrees caudad 2 inches above pubic symphysis
28
CR angulation and centering for AP axial coccyx (prone)
10 degrees cephalic 2 inches above pubic symphysis
29
Coccyx free of superimposition and projected ____ to pubis on AP axial coccyx
superior
30
CR centering for lateral sacrum/coccyx
3-4 inches posterior to ASIS
31
No rotation of lateral sacrum/coccyx is indicated by superimposition of:
femoral heads and greater sciatic notches
32
SID for AP/PA/Lateral scoliosis series
40-60 inches
33
Placement of lower margin of IR for scoliosis series
1-2 inches below iliac crest
34
___ side of the spinal curve against the IR for lateral scoliosis series
Convex
35
Suspend respiration on ____ for scoliosis series
expiration
36
Method for measuring scoliotic curve
Cobb method/angle
37
For an AP axial projection of the cervical spine, the CR is directed to:
C4
38
For an AP axial projection of the cervical spine, the CR angulation is:
15 to 20 degrees
39
For an AP projection of the cervical spine in an anterior oblique position to decrease magnification:
use a 72-inch SID
40
For the AP axial projection of the cervical spine in the LPO position, the CR is angled:
15 degrees cephalad
41
For the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region, the CR is directed:
Perpendicular to T1
42
The PA axial projection of the cervical spine in the RAO position demonstrates the:
right pedicles and right intervertebral foramina
43
Which landmarks are aligned for the AP projection in the open mouth position?
Base of the skull/ lower edge of the upper incisors
44
An optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates all of the following except
a. the spinous processes aligned with the midline of the cervical bodies.
b. open intervertebral disk spaces.
c. each vertebra's s spinous process visualized at the level of its superior intervertebral disk space.
d. the third cervical vertebra inferior to the posterior occiput and mandibular mentum.
C
45
An optimally positioned lateral cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates all the following except
a. no more than 0.25 inch (0.63 cm) of separation between the right and left side zygapophyseal joints.
b. superimposition of the anterior and posterior aspects of the right and left side articular pillars.
c. the posterior arch of C1 and the spinous process of C2 in profile without posterior occiput superimposition.
d. open intervertebral disk spaces.
A
46
Which of the following is not demonstrated as open on PA axial oblique cervical vertebrae?
-Zygapophyseal joints
-Intervertebral disk spaces
Zygapophyseal joints
47
For an AP axial cervical projection, the
1. mandibular angles, mastoid tips, and shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
2. central ray is angled 15 to 20 degrees cephalically.
3. line from lower incisors to base of skull is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
4. long axis of the cervical vertebra is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field.
1 and 2
48
An AP axial cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. each vertebra's spinous processes within the inferior adjoining vertebral body.
2. open intervertebral disk spaces.
3. the spinous processes aligned with the midline of the cervical bodies.
4. the second cervical vertebra in its entirety.
2 and 3
49
An AP atlas and axis projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the axis's spinous process aligned with its body midline.
2. an open atlantoaxial joint.
3. the upper incisors and posterior occiput superior to the dens.
4. the first through fourth cervical vertebrae.
1, 2 and 3
50
For a lateral cervical projection,
1. the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR.
2. the IPL is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
3. the long axis of the cervical vertebral column is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field.
4. a 72-inch (183-cm) SID is used.
2 and 4
51
A lateral cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. C1 and C2 without cranial or mandibular superimposition.
2. open intervertebral disk spaces.
3. superimposed right and left articular pillars and zygapophyseal joints.
4. the spinous process in profile.
1, 2, 3 and 4
52
For PA axial oblique cervical projection,
1. the midcoronal plane is aligned at a 45-degree angle with the IR.
2. the central ray is angled 15 degrees caudally.
3. the central ray enters at T1
4. an increased caudal angle is needed to demonstrate the lower vertebrae on a severely kyphotic patient.
1, 2 and 4
53
A PA axial oblique cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the zygapophyseal joints.
2. the intervertebral foramina.
3. open intervertebral disk spaces.
4. the inferior cortical outlines of the mandible without superimposition
2, 3 and 4
54
Which of the following projection/position(s) demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina?
1. Lateral
2. LPO
3. LAO
4. RAO
2 and 4
55
A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. distorted vertebral bodies.
2. superimposed right and left articular pillars.
3. open intervertebral disk spaces.
4. the fifth through seventh cervical and first through third thoracic vertebrae.
2, 3 and 4
56
A lateral thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the intervertebral foramina.
2. about 0.5 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs.
3. open intervertebral disk spaces.
4. the pedicles in profile.
1, 2, 3 and 4
57
An AP thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. distorted vertebral bodies.
2. the long axis of the thoracic vertebrae aligned with the long axis of the collimated field.
3. spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebra bodies.
4. open intervertebral joint spaces.
2, 3 and 4
58
An optimal lateral thoracic vertebrae projection demonstrates all the following except
a. clearly demonstrated intervertebral foramina.
b. the pedicles in profile.
c. open intervertebral disk spaces.
d. no more than 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) of space between the posterior surfaces of each vertebral body.
D
59
Cervical spine lateral best demonstrates:
zygapophyseal joints
60
Cervical spine 45 degree obliques best demonstrate:
intervertebral foramina
61
Thoracic spine lateral best demonstrates:
intervertebral foramina
62
Thoracic spine 70 degree obliques best demonstrate:
zygapophyseal joints
63
For a lateral thoracic projection:
1. the shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the imaging table.
2. the arms are abducted to a 90-degree angle.
3. a breathing technique can be used.
4. a radiolucent sponge is positioned between the patient's lateral body surface and imaging table at a level just inferior to the iliac crest, if needed to maintain parallel alignment.
2 and 3
64
T/F: When taking posterior oblique image for the lumbar spine, the joints being imaged are the upside joints
False
65
T/F: for the lateral scoliosis image, the concave side of the scoliotic curve should be placed against the IR
False
66
A lead mat should be placed behind the patient and ROI for lateral and spot films
For all patients
67
refers to an abnormal anterior concavity of the lumbar spine
Lordosis
68
is an abnormal condition characterized by increased convexity of the thoracic spine curvature
kyphosis
69
For the lateral cervical spine image, accurate positioning is demonstrated by:
1. C1 and C2 without cranial or mandibular superimposition.
2. open intervertebral disk spaces.
3. superimposed right and left articular pillars and zygapophyseal joints.
4. the spinous process in profile.
1, 2, 3 and 4
70
extend posteriorly from either side of vertebral body
pedicles
71
posterior part of the vertebral arch
laminae
72
extending laterally from vertebral arch
transverse process
73
most posterior extensions of the vertebrae
spinous process
74
The LPO of the cervical spine will show the same anatomy as the:
RAO
75
Preferred projection for trauma to the left upper posterior ribs is the:
AP
76
A cervical [x] shows the foramina and pedicles of the patient closest to the IR
anterior oblique
77
A long exposure time (breathing technique) is useful for which exam?
Lateral thoracic spine
78
If the medial clavicle is superimposed by the vertebral column on an LAO cervical spine, the patient was:
under-rotated
79
An optimal lateral for the thoracic vertebrae demonstrates no more than ____ of space between the posterior ribs
1/2 inch
80
an [increased/decreased] _____ angle is needed to demonstrate the lower vertebrae on a severely kyphotic patient.
increased; caudal
81
the ____ is aligned parallel to the floor for a lateral cervical spine
AML
82
T/F: An RPO image of the cervical spine will better show intervertebral foramina, not zygapophyseal joints.
True
83
The Dens is a bony element which projects superiorly from which vertebral body?
C2
84
The best image to visualize the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine is the:
Lateral image
85
The average vertebra has ___ superior articular processes
2
86
Of the image critique options provided, select all options that would indicate no rotation in an AP lumbar image.
1. SI joints equidistant from the spinous processes
2. Spinous processes appear midline down the vertebral column
3. Pedicles appear equidistant from the spinous processes
4. Transverse processes of equal length
5. Open intervertebral joint spaces
All of the above
87
In the "Scottie Dog" image, what anatomy is indicated by the line going through the neck of the dog?
the pars interarticularis
88
In an oblique lumbar image, where should the posterior edge of the pedicle be situated?
in the center of the vertebral body
89
Intervertebral joint spaces and foramina are best visualized in the _________ image of the lumbar spine
Lateral
90
A technologist would use the ________________ to help judge how much angle they would use for the L5-S1 image
interiliac line
91
There are ____ pairs of sacral foramina
4
92
