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RADT 132 - Positioning 2 > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Level of T9-10

A

Xiphoid Process

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2
Q

Level of L2-3

A

Lower costal margin

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3
Q

Level of L4-5

A

Iliac crest

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4
Q

Level of S1-2

A

ASIS

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5
Q

Lateral margins of the ____ visible on AP lumbar spine

A

psoas muscle

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6
Q

___ through ___ visible on AP/AP Oblique lumbar spine

A

T12; S1

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7
Q

CR for 11 x 17 field of AP and lateral lumbar spine

A

level of iliac crest (L4-5)

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8
Q

CR for 11 x 14 field of AP and lateral lumbar spine

A

L3

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9
Q

Patient positions (x2) for AP oblique lumbar spine

A

RPO, LPO

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10
Q

Patient rotation for oblique lumbar spine

A

45 degrees

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11
Q

Suspend respiration on ____ for lumbar spine

A

expiration

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12
Q

CR centering for oblique lumbar spine

A

L3 (1-2 inches above iliac crest, 2 inches medial to ASIS)

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13
Q

lumbar spine obliques best visualize:

A

zygapophyseal joints

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14
Q

___ edge of the pedicle situated in the center of the vertebral body on lumbar oblique image

A

Posterior

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15
Q

____-____ aspect of vertebral bodies superimposed on lateral L-spine

A

posterior-lateral

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16
Q

Open ____ and ____ on lateral L-spine

A

intervertebral foramen; disc spaces

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17
Q

CR centering for for lumbar flexion/extension

A

fusion site (if known) or level of iliac crest (L4-5)

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18
Q

No rotation indicated by superimposition of these two things on flexion/extension L-spine:

A

greater sciatic notches and posterior vertebral bodies

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19
Q

CR angulation of L5-S1 spot shot

A

5-8 degrees caudad (if needed/patient is hippy)

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20
Q

CR centering for L5-S1 spot shot

A

1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest and 2 inches posterior to the ASIS

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21
Q

Open ___ joint on L-spine spot shot

A

L5-S1

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22
Q

CR angulation/centering for AP axial sacrum

A

15 degrees cephalad 2 inches above pubic symphysis

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23
Q

CR angulation for prone axial sacrum

A

15 degrees caudad

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24
Q

Joints visible on AP axial sacrum

A

SI joints and L5-S1

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25
Q

___ and ___ not superimposed on AP axial sacrum

A

sacral foramen and pubis

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26
Q

No rotation on a AP axial sacrum is indicated by alignment of the mid sagittal crest with:

A

the coccyx and symphysis pubis

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27
Q

CR angulation and centering for AP axial coccyx (supine)

A

10 degrees caudad 2 inches above pubic symphysis

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28
Q

CR angulation and centering for AP axial coccyx (prone)

A

10 degrees cephalic 2 inches above pubic symphysis

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29
Q

Coccyx free of superimposition and projected ____ to pubis on AP axial coccyx

A

superior

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30
Q

CR centering for lateral sacrum/coccyx

A

3-4 inches posterior to ASIS

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31
Q

No rotation of lateral sacrum/coccyx is indicated by superimposition of:

A

femoral heads and greater sciatic notches

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32
Q

SID for AP/PA/Lateral scoliosis series

A

40-60 inches

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33
Q

Placement of lower margin of IR for scoliosis series

A

1-2 inches below iliac crest

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34
Q

___ side of the spinal curve against the IR for lateral scoliosis series

A

Convex

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35
Q

Suspend respiration on ____ for scoliosis series

A

expiration

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36
Q

Method for measuring scoliotic curve

A

Cobb method/angle

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37
Q

For an AP axial projection of the cervical spine, the CR is directed to:

A

C4

38
Q

For an AP axial projection of the cervical spine, the CR angulation is:

A

15 to 20 degrees

39
Q

For an AP projection of the cervical spine in an anterior oblique position to decrease magnification:

A

use a 72-inch SID

40
Q

For the AP axial projection of the cervical spine in the LPO position, the CR is angled:

A

15 degrees cephalad

41
Q

For the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region, the CR is directed:

A

Perpendicular to T1

42
Q

The PA axial projection of the cervical spine in the RAO position demonstrates the:

A

right pedicles and right intervertebral foramina

43
Q

Which landmarks are aligned for the AP projection in the open mouth position?

A

Base of the skull/ lower edge of the upper incisors

44
Q

An optimal AP axial cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates all of the following except
a. the spinous processes aligned with the midline of the cervical bodies.
b. open intervertebral disk spaces.
c. each vertebra’s s spinous process visualized at the level of its superior intervertebral disk space.
d. the third cervical vertebra inferior to the posterior occiput and mandibular mentum.

A

C

45
Q

An optimally positioned lateral cervical vertebrae projection demonstrates all the following except
a. no more than 0.25 inch (0.63 cm) of separation between the right and left side zygapophyseal joints.
b. superimposition of the anterior and posterior aspects of the right and left side articular pillars.
c. the posterior arch of C1 and the spinous process of C2 in profile without posterior occiput superimposition.
d. open intervertebral disk spaces.

A

A

46
Q

Which of the following is not demonstrated as open on PA axial oblique cervical vertebrae?
-Zygapophyseal joints
-Intervertebral disk spaces

A

Zygapophyseal joints

47
Q

For an AP axial cervical projection, the
1. mandibular angles, mastoid tips, and shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR.
2. central ray is angled 15 to 20 degrees cephalically.
3. line from lower incisors to base of skull is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
4. long axis of the cervical vertebra is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field.

A

1 and 2

48
Q

An AP axial cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. each vertebra’s spinous processes within the inferior adjoining vertebral body.
2. open intervertebral disk spaces.
3. the spinous processes aligned with the midline of the cervical bodies.
4. the second cervical vertebra in its entirety.

A

2 and 3

49
Q

An AP atlas and axis projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the axis’s spinous process aligned with its body midline.
2. an open atlantoaxial joint.
3. the upper incisors and posterior occiput superior to the dens.
4. the first through fourth cervical vertebrae.

A

1, 2 and 3

50
Q

For a lateral cervical projection,
1. the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR.
2. the IPL is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
3. the long axis of the cervical vertebral column is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field.
4. a 72-inch (183-cm) SID is used.

A

2 and 4

51
Q

A lateral cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. C1 and C2 without cranial or mandibular superimposition.
2. open intervertebral disk spaces.
3. superimposed right and left articular pillars and zygapophyseal joints.
4. the spinous process in profile.

A

1, 2, 3 and 4

52
Q

For PA axial oblique cervical projection,
1. the midcoronal plane is aligned at a 45-degree angle with the IR.
2. the central ray is angled 15 degrees caudally.
3. the central ray enters at T1
4. an increased caudal angle is needed to demonstrate the lower vertebrae on a severely kyphotic patient.

A

1, 2 and 4

53
Q

A PA axial oblique cervical projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the zygapophyseal joints.
2. the intervertebral foramina.
3. open intervertebral disk spaces.
4. the inferior cortical outlines of the mandible without superimposition

A

2, 3 and 4

54
Q

Which of the following projection/position(s) demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina?
1. Lateral
2. LPO
3. LAO
4. RAO

A

2 and 4

55
Q

A lateral cervicothoracic projection (Twining method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. distorted vertebral bodies.
2. superimposed right and left articular pillars.
3. open intervertebral disk spaces.
4. the fifth through seventh cervical and first through third thoracic vertebrae.

A

2, 3 and 4

56
Q

A lateral thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the intervertebral foramina.
2. about 0.5 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs.
3. open intervertebral disk spaces.
4. the pedicles in profile.

A

1, 2, 3 and 4

57
Q

An AP thoracic projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. distorted vertebral bodies.
2. the long axis of the thoracic vertebrae aligned with the long axis of the collimated field.
3. spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebra bodies.
4. open intervertebral joint spaces.

A

2, 3 and 4

58
Q

An optimal lateral thoracic vertebrae projection demonstrates all the following except
a. clearly demonstrated intervertebral foramina.
b. the pedicles in profile.
c. open intervertebral disk spaces.
d. no more than 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) of space between the posterior surfaces of each vertebral body.

A

D

59
Q

Cervical spine lateral best demonstrates:

A

zygapophyseal joints

60
Q

Cervical spine 45 degree obliques best demonstrate:

A

intervertebral foramina

61
Q

Thoracic spine lateral best demonstrates:

A

intervertebral foramina

62
Q

Thoracic spine 70 degree obliques best demonstrate:

A

zygapophyseal joints

63
Q

For a lateral thoracic projection:
1. the shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the imaging table.
2. the arms are abducted to a 90-degree angle.
3. a breathing technique can be used.
4. a radiolucent sponge is positioned between the patient’s lateral body surface and imaging table at a level just inferior to the iliac crest, if needed to maintain parallel alignment.

A

2 and 3

64
Q

T/F: When taking posterior oblique image for the lumbar spine, the joints being imaged are the upside joints

A

False

65
Q

T/F: for the lateral scoliosis image, the concave side of the scoliotic curve should be placed against the IR

A

False

66
Q

A lead mat should be placed behind the patient and ROI for lateral and spot films

A

For all patients

67
Q

refers to an abnormal anterior concavity of the lumbar spine

A

Lordosis

68
Q

is an abnormal condition characterized by increased convexity of the thoracic spine curvature

A

kyphosis

69
Q

For the lateral cervical spine image, accurate positioning is demonstrated by:
1. C1 and C2 without cranial or mandibular superimposition.
2. open intervertebral disk spaces.
3. superimposed right and left articular pillars and zygapophyseal joints.
4. the spinous process in profile.

A

1, 2, 3 and 4

70
Q

extend posteriorly from either side of vertebral body

A

pedicles

71
Q

posterior part of the vertebral arch

A

laminae

72
Q

extending laterally from vertebral arch

A

transverse process

73
Q

most posterior extensions of the vertebrae

A

spinous process

74
Q

The LPO of the cervical spine will show the same anatomy as the:

A

RAO

75
Q

Preferred projection for trauma to the left upper posterior ribs is the:

A

AP

76
Q

A cervical [x] shows the foramina and pedicles of the patient closest to the IR

A

anterior oblique

77
Q

A long exposure time (breathing technique) is useful for which exam?

A

Lateral thoracic spine

78
Q

If the medial clavicle is superimposed by the vertebral column on an LAO cervical spine, the patient was:

A

under-rotated

79
Q

An optimal lateral for the thoracic vertebrae demonstrates no more than ____ of space between the posterior ribs

A

1/2 inch

80
Q

an [increased/decreased] _____ angle is needed to demonstrate the lower vertebrae on a severely kyphotic patient.

A

increased; caudal

81
Q

the ____ is aligned parallel to the floor for a lateral cervical spine

A

AML

82
Q

T/F: An RPO image of the cervical spine will better show intervertebral foramina, not zygapophyseal joints.

A

True

83
Q

The Dens is a bony element which projects superiorly from which vertebral body?

A

C2

84
Q

The best image to visualize the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine is the:

A

Lateral image

85
Q

The average vertebra has ___ superior articular processes

A

2

86
Q

Of the image critique options provided, select all options that would indicate no rotation in an AP lumbar image.
1. SI joints equidistant from the spinous processes
2. Spinous processes appear midline down the vertebral column
3. Pedicles appear equidistant from the spinous processes
4. Transverse processes of equal length
5. Open intervertebral joint spaces

A

All of the above

87
Q

In the “Scottie Dog” image, what anatomy is indicated by the line going through the neck of the dog?

A

the pars interarticularis

88
Q

In an oblique lumbar image, where should the posterior edge of the pedicle be situated?

A

in the center of the vertebral body

89
Q

Intervertebral joint spaces and foramina are best visualized in the _________ image of the lumbar spine

A

Lateral

90
Q

A technologist would use the ________________ to help judge how much angle they would use for the L5-S1 image

A

interiliac line

91
Q

There are ____ pairs of sacral foramina

A

4

92
Q
A

RADT 132 - Positioning 2 (6 decks)

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