Review: ALL Flashcards
The shoulder view in which the patient is rotated 30-45 degrees towards the affected side and the CR enters at the glenohumeral joint is the________ Method
Grashey
For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles (and the interepicondylar line) are…
parallel to the IR
A PA chest image with poor positioning demonstrates the scapulae in the lung field and elevated lateral clavicular ends. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal image to be obtained?
1. Tilt the upper midcoronal plane away from the IR.
2. Depress the shoulders.
3. Coax the patient into a deeper inspiration.
4. Anteriorly rotate the shoulders and elbows.
2 and 4
The centering point for a PA hand image is…
head of the 3rd metacarpal
Shoulder - Inferiorsuperior Axial Projection
Lawrence method
SID for AP lordotic chest
72”
distance from IR patient is standing for AP lordotic chest
12”
CR for AP lordotic chest
3-4 inches below jugular notch (mid sternum)
CR for semi-axial AP lordotic chest (for patients unable to stand)
15-20 degrees cephalic 3-4 inches below jugular notch (mid sternum)
SC ends projected [above/below] the lung apices for lordotic chest
above
____ lung field at the center of the exposure field for lordotic chest
Superior
clavicles, apices and ___ of the lungs included in exposure field for lordotic chest
2/3
The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the shoulder girdle at the:
AC joint
In an internal rotation image of the shoulder, what is best seen in profile?
Lesser tubercle
In the external rotation image of the shoulder, what is seen in profile?
Greater tubercle
The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium at the _________ joint
sternoclavicular
What is the correct cephalic CR angle range for the axial image of the clavicle?
15-30 degrees
A left lateral chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. no humeral soft tissue in the lung field
2. no more than a total of 1/2 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs and/or the anterior ribs
3. the right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm
4. the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra
1, 2 and 4
The amount of size distortion in an image is mostly controlled by:
SID and OID
The ability to visualize small structures in an image defines:
Spatial resolution
Sharply recorded details are demonstrated when:
1. motion is controlled
2. a large focal spot is used
3. a large OID is used
1
T/F: It is not considered a repeatable image if the SI joints are clipped in an AP Lumbar Projection.
False
T/F: All routine positions/projections of the spine are done in a Bucky with a grid.
True
C1
Mastoid tip
C3
Gonion (angle of jaw)
C5
Adam’s apple
T2/T3
Jugular notch
T9-10
Xiphoid tip
S1/S2
ASIS
L4/5
Iliac crest
The [x] is located about 1-2 inches medial and 3-4 inches distal to ASIS.
neck of femur
In reviewing your AP pelvis image, the right obturator foramen is more foreshortened than the left,. The patient was positioned in a:
RPO
In an AP pelvis radiograph, the ____ trochanter is in profile laterally.
greater
For an AP projection of the hip, rotate the affected leg [x]
internally
For a Lateral view of the Sacrum/Coccyx the CR is positioned:
3-4 inches posterior to level of ASIS
A left lateral sacrum / coccyx image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. the median sacral crest in profile
2. coccygeal vertebra in the center of the collimated field
3. superimposed greater sciatic notches
4. a left marker
1, 2, 3 and 4
An AP axial coccyx demonstrates the symphysis pubis superimposed over the second and third coccygeal vertebrae. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
insufficient caudal angle
An AP axial coccyx with accurate positioning demonstrates the:
1. coccyx aligned with the symphysis pubis
2. longitudinal axis of the coccyx aligned with the longitudinal axis of the IR
3. first through third coccygeal vertebrae
4. coccyx without foreshortening
1, 2, 3 and 4
An AP axial sacral image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. the median crest aligned with the symphysis pubis
2. foreshortening of the first through fifth sacral segments
3. the median sacral crest positioned closer to the right side
4. the ischial spines equally demonstrated and aligned with the pelvic brim
1 and 4
An AP axial sacral image with poor positioning demonstrates the symphysis pubis rotated toward the patient’s right side. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
a. The central ray was angled too cephalically.
b. The patient was in an RPO position.
c. The patient’s legs were extended.
d. The patient was in an LPO position.
B
An AP lumbar image obtained with the patient rotated with the left side positioned closer to the IR than right side. The spinous process closer to the ____ pedicle
right
An AP lumbar image with poor positioning that demonstrates closed intervertebral disk spaces:
1. also demonstrates distorted vertebral bodies
2. was obtained with the patient rotated
3. was obtained with the patient’s legs extended
4.also demonstrates the sacrum and coccyx rotated toward the left side
1 and 3
What is the primary anatomy of interest for a tunnel view knee?
Intercondylar fossa
Flexing the knees for an AP projection of the lumbar spine:
Decreases lordotic curvature
For a LPO of the lumbar spine, the
1. patient’s thorax is rotated until the midcoronal plane is at a 45-degree angle with IR
2. side of interest is positioned closer to the IR
3. central ray is centered 2 inches (5 cm) medial to the elevated ASIS at a level 1-1/2 inches (4 cm) superior to the iliac crest
4. long axis of the vertebral column is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field
1, 2 and 3
For a lateral lumbar image:
1. the vertebral column is aligned parallel with the imaging table
2. align the shoulders, the posterior ribs, and the posterior pelvic wings perpendicular to the imaging table
3. of a scoliotic patient, the patient is positioned on the imaging table so the central ray is directed into the spinal curve
4. the patient’s knees are flexed and a pillow or radiolucent sponge is placed between them
1, 2, 3 and 4