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RADT 132 - Positioning 2 > Knee/Hips/Pelvis > Flashcards

Knee/Hips/Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the strongest bone in the body?

A

The femur

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2
Q

What is the tube angulation for a lateral knee?

A

5-7 degrees cephalad

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3
Q

In an AP image of the hip, you notice that the lesser tubercle is slightly in profile. This would indicate that there is a(n)….

A

No error. Slight visualization of the lesser trochanter is OK for an AP hip image.

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4
Q

One way to achieve a tangential or “sunrise” view of the patella would be to use the…

A

The Settegast Method

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5
Q

True or False, in the oblique pelvis image, the obturator foramen on the elevated side appear to be more open than the down side?

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: On an ordered hip series for a patient with known/suspected trauma, it is permissible to “frog” the affected side leg in order to obtain a more accurate, true lateral image

A

False

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7
Q

If you go 1 to 2 inches medial and 3-4 inches distal to the ASIS, you’ll locate the…?

A

femoral neck

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8
Q

The greater trochanter lies roughly at the same level as the…?

A

Symphysis pubis

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9
Q

The hip joint is classified as that type of joint: synovial or cartilaginous?

A

Synovial

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10
Q

On an AP image of the hip, if the long axis of the feet are vertical to the plane of the IR, the femoral neck will show…?

A

Foreshortening

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11
Q

For a True AP of the hips, the lower limb should be rotated:

A

medially 15 - 20 degrees

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12
Q

On an AP image of the hip, if the patient’s feet are in a relaxed state (externally rotated), what becomes more highly visible in profile?

A

Lesser trochanter in profile

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13
Q

What are the four essential parts of the proximal femur?

A

Head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters

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14
Q

For an AP projection of the knee with accurate positioning:
-the intercondylar eminence is centered within the intercondylar fossa.
-the fibular head is demonstrated about 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) distal to the tibial plateau.
-the femoral condyles are symmetrical.
-all of the above

A

all of the above

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15
Q

How would the central ray be directed for an AP projection of the knee in a patient whose ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is 26 cm?

A

3 to 5 degrees cephalad

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16
Q

An accurately positioned AP knee projection demonstrates all the following except the:
a. medial and lateral femoral epicondyles in profile.
b. fibular head 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the tibial plateau.
c. patella slightly lateral to knee midline
d. the intercondylar eminence in the center of the intercondylar fossa.

A

B

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17
Q

For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection with accurate positioning, the __ condyle is shown in profile.

A

Medial

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18
Q

For a laterally rotated AP oblique knee projection, the
1. leg is externally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR.
2. leg is internally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR.
3. central ray is aligned parallel with the tibia plateau.
4. central ray is centered at a level 0.75 inch (2 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles.

A

1 and 3

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19
Q

For a lateral projection, the knee is flexed:

A

20 to 30 degrees

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20
Q

For an average patient on mediolateral projection of the knee, the CR is directed:

A

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

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21
Q

A lateral knee projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. superimposed femoral condyles.
2. the fibular head without tibial superimposition.
3. an open patella femur joint space.
4. one fourth of the distal femur and proximal lower leg.

A

1, 3 and 4

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22
Q

For a mediolateral projection of the patella:
1. Flex the knee 5° to 10°
2. Place the IR lengthwise
3. Direct the CR to the mid patellar-femoral joint

A

1, 2 and 3

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23
Q

An AP knee image obtained with the central ray angled too cephalically demonstrates:
1. fibular head foreshortened
2. more distance between fibular head and tibial plateau
3. less distance between fibular head and tibial plateau
4. fibular head elongated

A

1 and 2

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24
Q

An AP knee image obtained with the knee medially rotated demonstrates the fibular head with [increased/decreased] tibial superimposition

A

decreased

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25
Q

A medially rotated AP oblique knee projection demonstrates the tibia partially superimposed over the fibular head. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain and optimal projection?

A

Increase the degree of internal rotation

26
Q

An externally rotated AP oblique knee projection that was taken with the knee rotated more than 45 degrees will demonstrate the fibula head [posterior/anterior] to the anterior edge of the tibia

A

posterior

27
Q

A less than optimal lateral knee projection that demonstrates the medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle will also demonstrate the abductor tubercle on the [anterior/posterior] femoral condyle

A

anterior

28
Q

If the medial femoral condyle is situated anterior to the lateral femoral condyle on a lateral knee image with poor positioning, the leg was [externally/internally] rotated

A

externally

29
Q

CR angle for inlet view of pelvis

A

40 degrees caudad

30
Q

CR angle for outlet view of pelvis (female)

A

30 to 45 degrees cephalad

31
Q

CR angle for outlet view of pelvis (male)

A

20 to 35 degrees cephalad

32
Q

(Knee) Tube angulation for patients with ASIS to tabletop measuring <19 cm

A

5 degrees caudal

33
Q

(Knee) Tube angulation for patients with ASIS to tabletop measuring >19 cm

A

5 degrees cephalic

34
Q

(Knee) tube angulation for patients with ASIS to tabletop measuring between 19-24 cm

A

0 (perpendicular to tabletop)

35
Q

In reviewing your AP pelvis image, the right obturator foramen is more foreshortened than the left,. The patient was positioned in a ___ position

A

RPO

36
Q

Knee - PA Axial Projection for the Intercondylar Fossa

A

Camp Coventry Method

37
Q

Knee - AP Axial Projection for the Intercondylar Fossa

A

Beclere Method

38
Q

To position a pelvis image the:
1. central ray is centered to the iliac crest
2. ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR
3. knees and hips are flexed until the femurs are aligned at a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table
4. internal rotate feet 15 to 20 degree

A

2 and 4

39
Q

What is the best way to determine a true lateral position of the knee?
1. Femoral epicondyles superimposed
2. Internal and medial malleoli are superimposed and perpendicular to the IR
3. Knee flexed 90 degrees

A

1 only

40
Q

When a lateral projection of the knee is performed, the knee should be flexed:

A

20 - 30 degrees

41
Q

A radiograph of an AP projection of the pelvis demonstrates foreshortening of the left ilium. What specific positioning error may have occurred?

A

RPO

42
Q

All three bones of the hip fuse at the:

A

Acetabulum

43
Q

An AP pelvis image obtained with the patient rotated toward the left hip (LPO) demonstrates:
1. sacrum / coccyx rotated toward the left hip
2. a narrower right iliac wing
3. a narrower left obturator foramen

A

2 and 3 only

44
Q

For the AP projection of the hip joints in the frog-leg position (modified Cleaves method), the patient s thighs are abducted from vertical:

A

40 to 45 degrees

45
Q

The cephalic tube angle for a pelvic Outlet image on a biologically assigned female patient is 30-45 degrees. For a biologically assigned male patient, this angle is…

A

20 to 35 degrees

46
Q

For an AP image of the pelvis, the CR is perpendicular to the IR and directed at the patient’s MSP at which level?

A

At a level 2 inches below the ASIS or 2 inches above the symphysis pubis

47
Q

The greater trochanter is roughly at the same level of the _________.

A

pubic symphysis

48
Q

The tube angle for the Inlet view of the pelvis is…

A

40 degrees caudad

49
Q

In a femur series, when taking a a proximal AP image of the femur the top of the cassette/IR should be at the level of…

A

the ASIS

50
Q

In a Femur Series, for the distal lateral femur image, the lower margin of the cassette/IR should be placed how far below the knee joint?

A

2 inches

51
Q

In a femur series, for the distal AP image, the lower extremity should be rotated how many degrees and in which direction?

A

5 degrees medially

52
Q

On the Judet views of the pelvis, how is the visualization of the sacrum and coccyx affected?

A

They appear to shift towards the “up” side of the pelvis

53
Q

Structures demonstrated on a unilateral mediolateral projection of the hip joint in the frog-leg position include:
1. Acetabulum
2. Femoral head
3. Trochanteric area

A

1, 2 and 3

54
Q

When an AP projection of the hip is performed, the central ray is directed:

A

perpendicular to a point 2 inches medial to the ASIS at the level of the femoral neck

55
Q

In a Femur Series, for the proximal lateral femur image, the upper margin of the casssette/IR should be placed to the level of the_________?

A

ASIS

56
Q

For the PA Settegast patella image, the pt should be positioned [______] on the table with the affected side’s lower leg flexed [___] degrees to the tabletop/IR?

A

prone; 90

57
Q

The Tibofibular joint space is best visualized in which view of the knee?

A

Medial oblique

58
Q

The medial condyle of the knee is best seen in profile using which knee view?

A

lateral oblique

59
Q

T/F: The intertrochanteric line is found on the posterior aspect of the proximal femur.

A

False

60
Q

T/F: The intertrochanteric ridge is found on the posterior aspect of the proximal femur.

A

True

RADT 132 - Positioning 2 (6 decks)

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