Knee/Hips/Pelvis

Question 1

What is the strongest bone in the body?

Answer 1

The femur

Question 2

What is the tube angulation for a lateral knee?

Answer 2

5-7 degrees cephalad

Question 3

In an AP image of the hip, you notice that the lesser tubercle is slightly in profile. This would indicate that there is a(n)….

Answer 3

No error. Slight visualization of the lesser trochanter is OK for an AP hip image.

Question 4

One way to achieve a tangential or “sunrise” view of the patella would be to use the…

Answer 4

The Settegast Method

Question 5

True or False, in the oblique pelvis image, the obturator foramen on the elevated side appear to be more open than the down side?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: On an ordered hip series for a patient with known/suspected trauma, it is permissible to “frog” the affected side leg in order to obtain a more accurate, true lateral image

Answer 6

False

Question 7

If you go 1 to 2 inches medial and 3-4 inches distal to the ASIS, you’ll locate the…?

Answer 7

femoral neck

Question 8

The greater trochanter lies roughly at the same level as the…?

Answer 8

Symphysis pubis

Question 9

The hip joint is classified as that type of joint: synovial or cartilaginous?

Answer 9

Synovial

Question 10

On an AP image of the hip, if the long axis of the feet are vertical to the plane of the IR, the femoral neck will show…?

Answer 10

Foreshortening

Question 11

For a True AP of the hips, the lower limb should be rotated:

Answer 11

medially 15 - 20 degrees

Question 12

On an AP image of the hip, if the patient’s feet are in a relaxed state (externally rotated), what becomes more highly visible in profile?

Answer 12

Lesser trochanter in profile

Question 13

What are the four essential parts of the proximal femur?

Answer 13

Head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters

Question 14

For an AP projection of the knee with accurate positioning:
-the intercondylar eminence is centered within the intercondylar fossa.
-the fibular head is demonstrated about 0.5 inch (1.25 cm) distal to the tibial plateau.
-the femoral condyles are symmetrical.
-all of the above

Answer 14

all of the above

Question 15

How would the central ray be directed for an AP projection of the knee in a patient whose ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is 26 cm?

Answer 15

3 to 5 degrees cephalad

Question 16

An accurately positioned AP knee projection demonstrates all the following except the:
a. medial and lateral femoral epicondyles in profile.
b. fibular head 1 inch (2.5 cm) distal to the tibial plateau.
c. patella slightly lateral to knee midline
d. the intercondylar eminence in the center of the intercondylar fossa.

Answer 16

B

Question 17

For an externally rotated AP oblique knee projection with accurate positioning, the __ condyle is shown in profile.

Answer 17

Medial

Question 18

For a laterally rotated AP oblique knee projection, the
1. leg is externally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR.
2. leg is internally rotated until an imaginary line connecting the femoral epicondyles is at a 45-degree angle with the IR.
3. central ray is aligned parallel with the tibia plateau.
4. central ray is centered at a level 0.75 inch (2 cm) distal to the medial femoral epicondyles.

Answer 18

1 and 3

Question 19

For a lateral projection, the knee is flexed:

Answer 19

20 to 30 degrees

Question 20

For an average patient on mediolateral projection of the knee, the CR is directed:

Answer 20

5 to 7 degrees cephalad

Question 21

A lateral knee projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. superimposed femoral condyles.
2. the fibular head without tibial superimposition.
3. an open patella femur joint space.
4. one fourth of the distal femur and proximal lower leg.

Answer 21

1, 3 and 4

Question 22

For a mediolateral projection of the patella:
1. Flex the knee 5° to 10°
2. Place the IR lengthwise
3. Direct the CR to the mid patellar-femoral joint

Answer 22

1, 2 and 3

Question 23

An AP knee image obtained with the central ray angled too cephalically demonstrates:
1. fibular head foreshortened
2. more distance between fibular head and tibial plateau
3. less distance between fibular head and tibial plateau
4. fibular head elongated

Answer 23

1 and 2

Question 24

An AP knee image obtained with the knee medially rotated demonstrates the fibular head with [increased/decreased] tibial superimposition

Answer 24

decreased

Question 25

A medially rotated AP oblique knee projection demonstrates the tibia partially superimposed over the fibular head. How should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain and optimal projection?

Answer 25

Increase the degree of internal rotation

Question 26

An externally rotated AP oblique knee projection that was taken with the knee rotated more than 45 degrees will demonstrate the fibula head [posterior/anterior] to the anterior edge of the tibia

Answer 26

posterior

Question 27

A less than optimal lateral knee projection that demonstrates the medial femoral condyle anterior to the lateral femoral condyle will also demonstrate the abductor tubercle on the [anterior/posterior] femoral condyle

Answer 27

anterior

Question 28

If the medial femoral condyle is situated anterior to the lateral femoral condyle on a lateral knee image with poor positioning, the leg was [externally/internally] rotated

Answer 28

externally

Question 29

CR angle for inlet view of pelvis

Answer 29

40 degrees caudad

Question 30

CR angle for outlet view of pelvis (female)

Answer 30

30 to 45 degrees cephalad

Question 31

CR angle for outlet view of pelvis (male)

Answer 31

20 to 35 degrees cephalad

Question 32

(Knee) Tube angulation for patients with ASIS to tabletop measuring <19 cm

Answer 32

5 degrees caudal

Question 33

(Knee) Tube angulation for patients with ASIS to tabletop measuring >19 cm

Answer 33

5 degrees cephalic

Question 34

(Knee) tube angulation for patients with ASIS to tabletop measuring between 19-24 cm

Answer 34

0 (perpendicular to tabletop)

Question 35

In reviewing your AP pelvis image, the right obturator foramen is more foreshortened than the left,. The patient was positioned in a ___ position

Answer 35

RPO

Question 36

Knee - PA Axial Projection for the Intercondylar Fossa

Answer 36

Camp Coventry Method

Question 37

Knee - AP Axial Projection for the Intercondylar Fossa

Answer 37

Beclere Method

Question 38

To position a pelvis image the:
1. central ray is centered to the iliac crest
2. ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR
3. knees and hips are flexed until the femurs are aligned at a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table
4. internal rotate feet 15 to 20 degree

Answer 38

2 and 4

Question 39

What is the best way to determine a true lateral position of the knee?
1. Femoral epicondyles superimposed
2. Internal and medial malleoli are superimposed and perpendicular to the IR
3. Knee flexed 90 degrees

Answer 39

1 only

Question 40

When a lateral projection of the knee is performed, the knee should be flexed:

Answer 40

20 - 30 degrees

Question 41

A radiograph of an AP projection of the pelvis demonstrates foreshortening of the left ilium. What specific positioning error may have occurred?

Answer 41

RPO

Question 42

All three bones of the hip fuse at the:

Answer 42

Acetabulum

Question 43

An AP pelvis image obtained with the patient rotated toward the left hip (LPO) demonstrates:
1. sacrum / coccyx rotated toward the left hip
2. a narrower right iliac wing
3. a narrower left obturator foramen

Answer 43

2 and 3 only

Question 44

For the AP projection of the hip joints in the frog-leg position (modified Cleaves method), the patient s thighs are abducted from vertical:

Answer 44

40 to 45 degrees

Question 45

The cephalic tube angle for a pelvic Outlet image on a biologically assigned female patient is 30-45 degrees. For a biologically assigned male patient, this angle is…

Answer 45

20 to 35 degrees

Question 46

For an AP image of the pelvis, the CR is perpendicular to the IR and directed at the patient’s MSP at which level?

Answer 46

At a level 2 inches below the ASIS or 2 inches above the symphysis pubis

Question 47

The greater trochanter is roughly at the same level of the _________.

Answer 47

pubic symphysis

Question 48

The tube angle for the Inlet view of the pelvis is…

Answer 48

40 degrees caudad

Question 49

In a femur series, when taking a a proximal AP image of the femur the top of the cassette/IR should be at the level of…

Answer 49

the ASIS

Question 50

In a Femur Series, for the distal lateral femur image, the lower margin of the cassette/IR should be placed how far below the knee joint?

Answer 50

2 inches

Question 51

In a femur series, for the distal AP image, the lower extremity should be rotated how many degrees and in which direction?

Answer 51

5 degrees medially

Question 52

On the Judet views of the pelvis, how is the visualization of the sacrum and coccyx affected?

Answer 52

They appear to shift towards the “up” side of the pelvis

Question 53

Structures demonstrated on a unilateral mediolateral projection of the hip joint in the frog-leg position include:
1. Acetabulum
2. Femoral head
3. Trochanteric area

Answer 53

1, 2 and 3

Question 54

When an AP projection of the hip is performed, the central ray is directed:

Answer 54

perpendicular to a point 2 inches medial to the ASIS at the level of the femoral neck

Question 55

In a Femur Series, for the proximal lateral femur image, the upper margin of the casssette/IR should be placed to the level of the_________?

Answer 55

ASIS

Question 56

For the PA Settegast patella image, the pt should be positioned [______] on the table with the affected side’s lower leg flexed [___] degrees to the tabletop/IR?

Answer 56

prone; 90

Question 57

The Tibofibular joint space is best visualized in which view of the knee?

Answer 57

Medial oblique

Question 58

The medial condyle of the knee is best seen in profile using which knee view?

Answer 58

lateral oblique

Question 59

T/F: The intertrochanteric line is found on the posterior aspect of the proximal femur.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

T/F: The intertrochanteric ridge is found on the posterior aspect of the proximal femur.

Answer 60

True